| 考试日期： | 2012年9月22日 |
| Reading Passage 1 | |
| Title: | Refrigeration |
| Question types: | Detail Matching |
| 文章内容回顾 | 讲一开始美国没有制冷技术，只能把食物腌制，后来城市化以后需要大量新鲜食物，于是人们开始利用天然冰块冷藏并运送食物，有两个人分别改进了冰块运输技术和冰块切割技术。后来天然冰块越来越少了，有人开始利用机械制冷，一开始是铁路技术，有人改进了铁路冷藏技术，于是加州的新鲜水果可以运往各地了。再然后有人改进公路技术，于是可以开始在公路上运送冷藏食物。之后人们发现以前的冷藏剂有毒，能害人性命，于是就有公司开始开发合成的冷藏剂。最后总结到新冷藏剂虽然对臭氧层有害，但大大促进了冷藏技术在全球的推广。 |
| 英文原文阅读 | By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "ice-box" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States: The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox was not as essential as we might now suppose: In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803,an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he founded that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh an hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moor explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market an night in order to keep their produce cool. |
| 题型难度分析 | 第一篇文章虽然文章难度不大，但是由于第一篇的题型全部是细节配对题（1、时间匹配题，各个事件发生的年代；2、人物匹配题，各个人物对冷藏技术的改进；3、事件匹配题，各个事件的因果关系匹配），而细节配对题的题型特点增加了第一篇文章的解题难度。第一篇文章的解题难度是最大的。 |
| 题型技巧分析 | Detail Matching细节配对题 分类：人/物体/地点/时间&特点/描述/事件 人名→理论 段落→具体信息 特点：1）A: 当题目为专有名词、术语或物质名词时，题目一般遵循顺序原则 B: 当题目不是专有名词、术语或物质名词，而选项是时，题目一般不遵循顺序原则 2）答案是否会重复使用？取决于NB 3）做题方法： A: 当题目为专有名词、术语或物质名词时，根据题目在原文定位，理解原文对应内容并选出答案（着重考察对文章的理解） B: 当题目不是专有名词、术语或物质名词，而选项是时，在文章中把选项中所有的专有名词、术语或物质名词划出，然后在题目中划定位词由易到难在文章中定位。 注意：结构阅读法的运用 若某1、2题做不出来，可先做后面的题目，然后再返回来做 |
| 剑桥雅思推荐原文练习 | 剑8 Test 1 |
