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2013考研英语语法重难点精解(2)

2012-06-25 
英语语法重难点精解之动名词

  三、动名词的逻辑主语

  动名词的逻辑主语,表明动名词动作的发出者。能作动名词逻辑主语的词类有:物主代词、名词所有格(即名词所加“’s”,复数名词后以“s”结尾的,在其后加“’”)、名词通格(主格)或人称代词宾格。

  例句: Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements,most commonly with oxygen. (1997年第2题)

  分析: 该句是简单句。nowhere置于句首引起倒装,owing to...在句中作状语。

  译文: 自然界中的任何地方都找不到游离态的铝,因为它总是与其他元素,即最常见的是氧元素结合在一起。

  注意:

  (1) 当逻辑主语是无生命名词或较长名词词组时,通常用名词通格(即主格)。

  例句: Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.(1999年第1题)

  分析: 该句是复合句。其中动名词的复合结构economic recovery being just around the corner在句中作介词about的宾语,economic recovery作动名词being的逻辑主语,介词短语with half an eye on the unemployment figures作定语修饰anyone。

  译文: 任何人只要一看这些失业数据便知关于经济复苏即将来临的言论是不正确的。

  例句: I don’t like Jack and Tom speaking ill of each other in public places.

  分析: 该句是简单句。Jack and Tom作speaking ill的逻辑主语。

  译文: 我不愿听到杰克和汤姆在公众场合说彼此坏话。

  (2) 当逻辑主语是someone, somebody, none, nobody, anyone, anybody等不定代词或this,that指示代词时,通常用名词通格(即主格)。

  例句: Just when I was going to sleep, I was awakened by somebody knocking on the door.

  分析: 该句是复合句。somebody作动名词knocking的逻辑主语。

  译文: 我正要入睡时,有人敲门吵醒了我。

  例句: I disapproved of that being said about the teacher, for he has his own good point.

  分析: 该句是并列句。指示代词that作动名词being said的逻辑主语。

  译文: 我不同意对老师那样的评价,因为他也有他的优点。

  (3) 当动名词在句中作主语时,逻辑主语用属格(即物主代词或名词所有格)。

  例句: The student’s knowing French well helped him a lot in learning English.

  译文: 掌握法语对于学习英语有很大的帮助。

  四、动名词的否定形式

  动名词的否定形式与分词否定形式一样,由动名词前加not构成。

  例句: She always has dozens of excellent excuses for not being able to help you.

  分析: 该句是简单句。not being able to help you是动名词的否定形式。

  译文: 对于未能帮助你,她总是有太多借口。

  例句: She is considering not asking her mother to send her to the airport.

  分析: 该句是简单句。not asking...作considering的宾语。

  译文: 她正在考虑不让母亲送她去机场。

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