J
join
[误] Did you attend the football club?
[正] Did you join the football club?
[析] join经常用于参加某个团体、政党,并作为其中的一个成员;attend则重点强调出会议、到场,而不一定进行具体活动,如: Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in则强调参与某些具体活动或运动,如: I take part in the football game.
just
[误] I have finished my work just now.
[正] I finished my work just now.
[析] just now意义"刚才",所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。
[误] Just I won the game.
[正] I just won the game.
[析] just单独使用时不应放在句首,而应放于① be动词之后,如: He is just a student.② 名词与一般动词之间。③ 用在第一助动词之后,如: I have just returned home. 但just与其他词组成词组时,如just now, just then, 则可用于句首和句尾。如: Just then he saw the bus coming.
just justly
just常用于三种含意: ① 恰好,如: It's just five o'clock. ② 仅仅,相当于only, 如: I have just enough money to buy a dictionary. ③ 不久前,如: I just missed my old friend; He left a few minutes ago. 而justly其意为"公正的",如: He was justly punished for his crimes.
K
keep
[误] She was keeping something to her father.
[正] She was keeping something from her father.
[析] "对某人隐瞒某事"要用"keep something from somebody"句型。
[误] He kept to repeat the word again and again.
[正] He kept repeating the word again and again.
[析] keep doing something为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keep on doing something互换。它们的区别在于keep doing something意为该动作一直不停地在进行中,如: When the train started, she kept waving her hand. 而keep on doing something则表示该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中,如: He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.
[误] We must keep up the times.
[正] We must keep up with the times.
[析] 这句话意为"我们必须赶上时代",keep up with是"赶上"之意,而keep up则是"坚持下去"的意思,如: Keep it up, don't stop now!
key
[误] I lost the key of the door.
[正] I lost the key to the door.
[析] 英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of,而key, entrance, answer则多用to,如:"门的钥匙"为key to the door, "高速公路入口"为entrance to the highway, "问题的答案"为the answer (key) to the question.
kind
[误] This kind of books are not good.
[正] This kind of books is not good.
[析] kind在这种句式中应作为主语,如果讲Those kinds of books are very good. 则是正确的。
kind sort type
kind和sort为同义词,意为"种类",而type则为"型号",如: What type of this car do you want?(你想要这种车的什么型号?)
knock
[误] Someone was knocking the door.
[正] Someone was knocking at the door.
[析] knock虽可以作及物动词,如: The car knocked a hole in the fence. 但作"敲门"讲一定要用作不及物动词: knock at (on) the door.
know
[误] I want to know to play this game.
[正] I want to know how to play this game.
[析] 要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如:I want to know how to do it / what to do / when to do it / where to go.
know know of
I know him.为"我很了解他。"而I know of him. 则为"我听说过他。"同样的用法还有hear和hear of这一词组。
L
large
[误] He found a large number of mistake in his homework.
[正] He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.
[析] "a large number of + 复数名词",意为大量的。
last
[误] This is the newest news.
[正] This is the latest news.
[析] "最新消息"应为latest news,因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息,请注意英语与汉语的区别。
last the last
[误] I saw my brother the last week.
[正] I saw my brother last week.
[析] 当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词,the last 可用于表示一系列词的最后一个,如: That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期,如: I am busy for the last week.
late
[误] Yesterday I went home lately.
[正] Yesterday I went home late.
[析] late即可做形容词又可作副词;而lately则意为"最近的",如: I haven't seen her lately.
late latter later lately
late有两个比较级,指时间较晚应用later,如口语中常讲: See you later. (一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者,或靠后的,其反意词为former,如: the former president(前总统)。又如: I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为"近来"、"不久前"。laughed at by his classmates. 中的at是不可省掉的。laugh over 则指"笑着谈论"某事,如 We laugh over the film. (我们笑着谈论那个电影。)
lay
[误] We lied on the beach.
[正] We lay on the beach.
[析] 英文中有三个动词易混,在考试中也频频出现,它们的现在式,过去式,过去分词以及现在分词是:
lay (vt. 放) laid laid laying
lie(vi. 躺) lay lain cying
lie(vi. 说谎) lied lied lying
learn
[误] The teacher said:"You must study this poem by heart."
[正] The teacher said:"You must learn this poem by heart."
[析] study与learn在作"学习"讲时,常常可以互换,但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习,如:The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程,如: I'm studying at this college. 而learn…by heart则是"记住"、"背诵"之意。
leave
[误] I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.
[正] I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
[析] leave for一词组为"去某地",如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。
leave forget
[误] I've forgotten my homework at home.
[正] I've forgotten my homework.
[正] I've left my homework at home.
[析] 如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.
lesson
[误] I have two lessons of English.
[正] I have two English lessons.
[正] I have two lessons in English.
[析] "我有两节英语课。"这一表达法如上,但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"I have two classes."teach somebody a lesson 为"教训某人",或"要吸取教训",如: Let this thing teaches you a lesson.
lend
[误] Please borrow me your bike.
[正] Please lend me your bike.
[析] borrow是指"借入",如: I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是"借出",如: I can lend you my bike. 而keep为"借多久": 如 How long can I keep it?
less
[误] He has fewer money than she has.
[正] He has less money than she has.
[析] less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词,而后者修饰可数名词。
let
[误] The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
[正] The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
[析] 虽然let, have, make有相同的用法,但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。
[误] Let's go to the park, will you?
[正] Let's go to the park, shall we?
[误] Let us go to the park, shall we?
[正] Let us go to the park, will you?
[析] Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you?
life
[误] Many people lost their life in the Second World War.
[正] Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.
[析] life作为"生命"、"性命"时应为可数名词;当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词,如: Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如: Life is not all fun.
light
[误] There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.
[正] There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.
[析] light有两个过去分词: lighted和lit,当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.light可以用作名词,如: The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词,如: The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词,如: The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有"轻"、"浅"等意,如: This box is light. I like light blue.
like
[误] My sister is very as me.
[正] My sister is very like me.
[析] as 作为连词其后要接从句,如: She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词,其后接宾语。
[误] Do you like swimming with me tonight.
[正] Would you like to swim with me tonight.
[析] like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时,其后面可接不定式也可接动名词,用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作,如: I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作,如: I like swimming very much.
like alike
作为形容词,alike 一般不作定语,而只作表语,如; The twins are very alike.
[误] Would you like swimming with us?
[正] Would you like to swim with us?
[析] 在would you like…这一句型中,其后面只能接不定式,而不能接动名词。like的用法还要注意以下两点: ① He likes Tom. 为"他喜欢汤姆。"② He is like Tom. 为"他像汤姆。"第二句话的like为介词,而第一句话的like为动词。
listen
[误] You should hear the teahcer's advice.
[正] You should listen to the teacher's advice.
[析] hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音,而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如: We listen but hear nothing. 例句为"听取某人意见",所以只能用listen to someone's advice.
little
[误] Don't worry, there is little time.
[正] Don't worry, there is a little time.
[误] There is a little water. Shall I get some?
[正] There is little water. Shall I get some?
[析] 要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文"水不多了,我去取点吧。"英文要讲"没水了,我去取点吧。"
little small
little与small是近义词,在作定语时常常可以互换,如: a little girl或a small girl,但little一般不作表语,如: The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩,而small则带有对比的含义。
live
[误] Tom lives with his parents' money.
[正] Tom lives on his parents' money.
[误] He lives on teaching.
[正] He lives by teaching.
[析] "靠吃某物为生"应用live on something, 而live by是"靠某种生活手段为生"。
living alive
living侧重于生活得很好,身体不错,如: My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的,如: Is that cat alive or dead?
lonely
[误] She wanted to do her homework lonely.
[正] She wanted to do her homework alone.
[析] lonely意为"寂寞的"、"孤单的",如: The old man felt lonely. alone则意为"独自的"、"单独的",如: He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.
long
[误] I have been studying long for the exam.
[正] I have been studying for a long time for the exam.
[析] long用作表达时间的副词时,在否定句及疑问句中最常用,但在肯定句中除与so, too, as…as连用外,一般要用for a long time.
[误] I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.
[正] I'll call you as long as the book is returned.
[析] as…as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。
[误] How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.
[正] How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.
[析] 因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率,要用how often.
look
look for find
look for 侧重于 "寻找"这个动作,如: What are you looking for? 而find则侧重于结果,如: It is very difficult to find a job. 这里不能用look for,因为真正困难的是"找到"工作。
其他用法还有:
[例] He often looks back on his highschool days.
[析] look back on something 为"回顾"、"回想"。
[例] I wish you wouldn't look down on (upon) the children's work.
[析] look down on (upon) 为"看不起"某人或某事。
[误] I'm looking forward to see you.
[正] I'm looking forward to seeing you.
[析] look forward to词组中的to是介词,所以其后要加名词或动名词,不能接不定式。
lot
[误] I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.
[正] I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.
[析] much money多用于疑问句与否定句中,而在肯定句中要用a lot of.lots of与a lot of之间无多大区别,两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词,所以常常可以互换。
[误] He is more happier now.
[正] He is a lot happier now.
[析] 不可用more来修饰比较级,能修饰比较级的词有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等。
loud loudly
这两个词含意相同,在日常用语中loud多与talk,speak, shout, laugh等动词连用,如:Don't speak so loud, you'll wake the baby. 而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.
loud aloud
loud多指把声音放大,而aloud则指要出声不要默读。如:-What did you say?-Oh, nothing, I was just think aloud. (我只不过自言自语。)
M
make
[误] The little boy was made repeat the whole story.
[正] The little boy was made to repeat the whole story.
[误] The father made his son to do his homework from morning till night.
[正] The father made his son do his homework from morning till night.
[析] make 的句型为"make somebody do (doing) something".但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。
[误] I always do this mistake.
[正] I always make this mistake.
[析] 英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词,do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时,如: do a favour(帮个忙),do one's best(竭尽全力),do good(有益), do harm(有害),而多数情况下常用make, 如: make a suggestion, make a cake, make a bed(收拾床),make a noise, make money等等。
[误] This wine was made of grapes.
[正] This wine was made from grapes.
[析] 当成品制成后,其原料的性质有所改变时应用make from,否则用make of, 如: This door was made of iron.
[误] Hard work can often make up a lack of intelligence.
[正] Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.
[析] make up是"创造"、"编织",而make up for是"弥补……的不足之处"。上句应译为"勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。"
[误] We made up our mind to study hard.
[正] We made up our minds to study hard.
[析] mind这里是可数名词,使用时要特别予以注意make up one's mind是"下定决心"之意。
[误] Our class is made of twenty girls and twentyone boys.
[正] Our class is made up of twenty girls and twentyone boys.
[析] make up of…是"某物由……组成或构成"。
many
[误] I have many friends.
[正] I have a lot of friends.
[析] many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中,而在肯定句中则用处不多,尤其在非正式谈话中。如:
-How much money have you got?
-I've got plenty.
[误] You bought much too tomatoes.
[正] You bought too many tomatoes.
[析] too many后接可数名词,too much后接不可数名词,而much too后面接形容词,意为"太多"。
[误] For many a weeks it rained a lot.
[正] For many a week it rained a lot.
[析] many a意为"好多"、"许多",但其后面要加单数名词
。
matter
[误] No matter what you did.
[正] No matter what you did, I trusted you.
[析] No matter是个词组,意为"不论",它的语法功能是起连接作用,所以不能用于一个单独的句子。
it doesn't matter这个词组则不是一个连接词组,所以可以和一个单句连用,如: It doesn't mater what you say. (你说什么都不要紧。)
maybe
[误] May be he is right.
[正] Maybe he is right.
[析] maybe是副词,不要错用为may be.
maybe perhaps
这两个词的词意一样,maybe常用于非正式谈话,而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如: Maybe/Perhaps the weather will get better. 而Julius Caesar is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's early plays.
mend
[误] I want to have my bike mended.
[正] I want to have my bike repaired.
[析] mend意为"缝补",如: My mother mended my coat. 而repair是"修理"。
mind
[误] Could you mind to close the door?
[正] Could you mind closing the door?
[误] Try to make up your mind studying hard.
[正] Try to make up your mind to study hard.
[析] mind用作动词时,其后加动名词;而用作名词意为"下定决心"时,其后要加不定式。 要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答语: 如果你不介意,应回答"No, go ahead."如果你不想让对方吸烟,则应讲"Yes, please don't."
miss
[误] I found my bag missed.
[正] I found my bag missing.
[析] missing为形容词,其意为"不见了"、"丢了"。在句中用作宾语补足语时不要误用missed,它作动词时多为及物动词,要接名词或动名词,而不接不定式。如: I missed the first train, I don't want to miss seeing the famous football player.在作补足语讲某物"不见了"时有missing, gone, lost等,如: I found my bag missing (gone, lost).
mistake
[误] I took your pen by wrong.
[正] I took your pen by mistake.
[析] by mistake是"错拿了"、"误拿了"你的东西。wrong意为"错误",而by mistake为"弄混了"。如:
[误] If I'm not wrong, you are Mr Brown.
[正] If I'm not mistaken, you are Mr Brown. (如果我没弄错的话,您是Brown先生。)
[误] The teachers always mistook me as my brother.
[正] The teachers always mistook me for my brother.
[析] mistake…for…是"错把……当作……"之意,如: I took your book for mine.
more
[误] This book is more better than that one.
[正] This book is much better than that one.
[析] 不能用比较级来修饰比较级,而应用much, rather等来修饰比较级。
[误] More you read, more you learn.
[正] The more you read, the more you learn.
[析] 在"越……越……的"表达法中,形容词的比较级前要加定冠词。请注意more than one这个词组的后面要跟单数名词和单数谓语动词。如: More than one student is going to do part time job after school.
no more than not morethan
no more than应译为"只不过"、"才",如: He wrote no more than three books. 即他真正写了三本书。而not more than则意为"不会多于",如: He wrote not more than three books. 即他写的书不会多于三本。又如: He is no shorter than you. 应译为"你和他都不矮",而He is not shorter than you. 才应译为"他比你高。"
most
[误] Most of students are good at English.
[正] Most of the students are good at English.
[正] Most students are good at English.
[析] most of这一结构后面的名词前一定要有一个限定词。
[误] My friends are most teachers.
[正] My friends are mostly teachers.
[析] mostly意为"大部分的","主要的"。
much
[误] The boy was asleep very much.
[正] The boy was fast asleep.
[析] 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如fast asleep意为"熟睡",则是固定搭配。像interesting, exciting, surprising这些形容词化的现在分词,以及tired, interested这些形容词化的过去分词则要用very来修饰。
must
[误] He must be in the office, and mustn't go home.
[正] He must be in the office, and can't go home.
[析] must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测,而否定的推测则要用can't加动词原形。
[误] It must have rained now.
[正] It must have rained yesterday.
[析] "must+have+过去分词"为对过去发生事情的推测。这句话应译为"昨天一定是下雨了。"又如: I must go and call him. He must have forgotten it.
must have to
must用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做,如I must stop smoking. 其意为:我自己认为我要戒烟;而have to则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事,如: I have to go to school tomorrow.must无过去式,当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用had to, 如: When I was young, I had to go to the factory.在否定句中mustn't意为:一定不要做某事,如: You mustn't tell this to Tom. 而haven't to则多意为没有必要去做,如: You don't have to tell this to Tom. 而英语中多用needn't 来取代haven't to.
myself
[误] I can't play pingpong myself.
[正] I can't play pingpong by myself.
[析] 第一句并无语法错误,myself为"我亲自要去",而by myself为"独自一人"。这句话要表达的意思是"我一个人无法打乒乓球。"而I want to play pingpong myself. 应译为"我自己想去打乒乓球。"
N
name
[误] She was named of a flower.
[正] She was named after a flower.
[析] 以……命名应为name after,又如给某人取名应为The father named his son Tom.
near
[误] We came near to hit him.
[正] We came near to hitting him.
[析] 这句话应译为"我们几乎要打他一顿。"near to这一用法中to为介词,其后要接宾语,所以要接名词或动名词。near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to,如: I sit near the door, I sit near to the fire.
by near
We lived near the city. 与We lived by the city. 两句话都是对的,但其表达的意义有所不同,by在表达距离时比near更近,所以by the city是紧靠近某城市。
need
[误] This room needs to clean.
[正] This room needs to be cleaned.
[正] This room needs cleaning.
[析] 在表达某事需要做什么时,need后面如用不定式要用其被动态,如接动名词则要用主动态。
[误] We need not to do it.
[正] We needn't do it.
[析] need用在否定句、疑问句中一般用作情态动词,所以无人称变化也不加to,而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词,如: We need your help.
neither
[误] None of my parents is a teacher.
[正] Neither of my parents is a teacher.
[析] 对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither, none用于三人以上的情况。
[误] I don't do my homework. Neither he does.
[正] I don't do my homework. Neither does he.
[析] 这时应用倒装句。
[误] Neither you nor I are right.
[正] Neither you nor I am right.
[析] neither…nor… 这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致。
[误] Neither he studies nor plays.
[正] Neither does he study nor play.
[析] neither, hardly, seldom等否定词位于句首时,谓语动词采用倒装形式。
never
[误] Never I have broken my word.
[正] Never have I broken my word.
[析] never用于句首时起强调作用,要用倒装语序。但用于句中一般放于情态动词、助动词、或be动词后面,如: I shall never forgot the expression on her face. Lost time is never found again. 用于成语中,如: Better late than never. (晚做比不做强。)never mind没关系,如: "What did you say?""Oh, never mind."
news
[误] There are many news about the accident.
[正] There is much news about the accident.
[析] news是不可数名词,它没有复数形式,如果讲一条新闻要用a piece of news.
newspaper
[误] I read the news on today's newspaper.
[正] I read the news in today's newspaper.
[析] 在报纸上读到某一条新闻一定要用介词in,而on the newspaper是指把某物放于报纸之上,如: May I put the flower on this newspaper?
night
[误] I came home very late yesterday night.
[正] I came home very late last night.
[析] "昨晚"一般要讲last night,而不应参照"昨天上午、下午、傍晚"的说法yesterday morning等套用。
no none
no是个限定词,它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前,如: No news is good news. 但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no,而要用none of,如None of the students was here.
no not
要使句子具有部分否定的意思,我们用not,如: I can see you tomorrow, but not Sunday. 如果是全部否定则用no,如Sorry, there is no time to talk.
No one none
no one与nobody一样不能接of结构,如: No one wished me good luck. 而要用of结构时要用none, 如: None of my friends wished me good luck.
nor
[误] I never saw the painting before, or did I hear of it.
[正] I never saw the painting before, not did I hear of it.
[析] 注意在表达"既不……也不……"时不要用or作连词,而要用nor,并且要用倒装语序。
not
[误] The students went to the park, but no the teachers.
[正] The students went to the park, but not the teachers.
[析] 要使一个句子或一个句子的某一部分为否定时我们要用not, 而不用no.
[误] There is no my letter today.
[正] There is no letter for me today.
[析] no是一个限定词,用在名词前时,要注意这个名词前应没有冠词、物主代词或指示代词。
[误] He not only was a writer but also an actor.
[正] He was not only a writer but also an actor.
[析] 在这一句型中not only之后的词与but also之后的词类必须一致,否则应为错句。如果这一结构用在主语位置,则谓语动词要与but also后面的主语保持一致,如: Not only you but also I am wrong.
nothing
[误] Nothing but books were sold here.
[正] Nothing but books was sold here.
[析] 要注意真正的主语是nothing而不是books,所以这一结构在学生的使用中经常出错。
[误] I have nothing to do but to cry.
[正] I have nothing to do but cry.
[析] 在这一结构中but后面要用省to的不定式。
number
[误] A number of news can be heard on TV today.
[正] A lot of news can be heard on TV today.
[析] a number of后接可数名词复数。
[误] The number of students are ten thousand.
[正] The number of students is ten thousand.
[析] a number of 其意为"大量的",而the number of…是"某某的数量"。即the number of students意为"学生人数",所以要用单数形式的谓语动词。
O
o'clock
[误] It's ten past five o'clock.
[正] It's ten past five.
[析] o'clock所表达的时间是正点,如果要表达的时间是几点几分或差几分几点都不能用o'clock.
once
[误] Please come and see me once.
[正] Please come and see me one day.
[析] once用来谈论过去的事情,而不能谈论未来。如果要谈及未来要用one day, some time等。
[误] I met him one time when I was a student.
[正] I met him once when I was a student.
[析] 英语中一次应用once而不用one time,二次要用twice而不用two times.
one
[误] My grandfather wants to live for hundred years.
[正] My grandfather wants to live for one hundred years.
[误] He threw away the old dictionary and wanted to buy new one.
[正] He threw away the old dictionary and wanted to buy a new one.
[误] His dog is bigger than my one.
[正] His dog is bigger than mine.
[析] 一般物主代词之后不用one,除非one前有修饰词,如my old one, 否则要用名词性物主代词。
[误] One of the teacher is in the office.
[误] One of the teachers are in the office.
[正] One of the teachers is in the office.
[析] One是句子的主语,其谓语动词应用单数,而of后面的名词要用复数名词。
[误] One third of the books is sent to the students.
[正] One third of the books are sent to the students.
[析] 几分之几或百分之几这一结构用在主语位置,其谓语动词要与of后面的名词一致,如Two thirds of the work is done.
open
[误] Are the banks opened today?
[正] Are the banks open today?
[析] 要注意open即可用作动词、名词,还可以用作形容词,而close则不同。请看: Are the banks closed today?这一句是正确的。
or
[误] He doesn't drink and smoke.
[正] He doesn't drink or smoke.
[析] 否定句中的并列连词要用or而不用and.
[误] He neither drinks or smokes.
[正] He neither drinks nor smokes.
other
[误] Where are the others students?
[正] Where are the other students?
[正] Where are the others?
[析] other作形容词时没有复数形式,且作为泛指讲时没有定冠词,如: Ask some other eople. 而加定冠词后为特指。 the other可在句中作主语、宾语或定语,如: Now let me show you the other. (宾语) He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a teacher. (主语) others 只能作代词,而the others则为特指,如: There are five books. Two of them are not good. I like the others.
out
[误] She went out the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.
[正] She went out of the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.
[析] out of是指"从……里出来",使用时不要将of丢掉。
P
paper
[误] Please give me two letter papers.
[正] Please give me two sheets of letter paper.
[析] paper作为纸讲为不可数名词。
[误] Each student must write paper on what he learned.
[正] Each student must write a paper on what he learned.
[析] 这里的paper作为论文讲,是可数名词。paper的这种用法还可以用于证件、报纸、考卷等。
parent
[误] My parents and I are both interested in football.
[正] My parents and I are all interested in football.
[析] parents即为父母、双亲,指两个人,加上自己为三个人,所以只能用all而不能用both.
pass
[误] The ship pasted the channel.
[正] The ship passed the channel.
[析] pass为动词,而past则为副词,不要混淆,如: My father has been ill for the past two weeks. All the students passed the exam.
pay
[误] Please help me do this job, and I will pay for you later.
[正] Please help me do this job and I will pay you later.
[析] 为某工作付给工人工资应为pay somebody, 而pay for something是为某物付款,如: You can buy all the things you want. I'll pay for those.
people
[误] There are five hundred peoples here.
[正] There are five hundred people here.
[误] There is only one people.
[正] There is only one person.
[误] People there is friendly.
[正] People there are friendly.
[析] people作为人讲时为复数名词,如要讲一个人应用one person, 而不能用people, 讲若干人时用people而不能加s,这样的用法还有police(警察)等,这些概念用单数时要换其他的词. 如: people-a person; police-policeman policewoman; youth-a young man/woman.
picture
[误] There are some spots in the picture.
[正] There are some spots on the picture.
[误] There is a young woman on the picture.
[正] There is a young woman in the picture.
[析] 指溅落在画面上的灰尘,污物是on the picture,即讲与画面内容无关的东西用on,而in the picture用于讲画面的内容。
pity
[误] What pity that her mother must always suffer!
[正] What a pity that her mother must always suffer!
[析] pity作为遗憾之事讲常加不定冠词;但要注意作为同情、怜悯讲则不加冠词,为不可数名词,如: I feel pity for you. 它还可以用作动词,如: He pitied the poor people.
[误] I have pity for you.
[正] I have pity on you.
[析] 可怜某人时应用have (take) pity on somebody,这是个惯用法。
place
[误] Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to another.
[正] Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to place (from one place to another).
[析] 到处译为英文时为from place to place请不要在place之前加冠词。这种用法在有些语法书中叫作零冠词用法,如:一户挨一户为door by door,手拉手为hand in hand.
[误] The accident was taken place in that street.
[正] The accident took place in that street.
[析] take place为发生,它不能用于被动态,这样的词还有happen等。
[误] There is no place in the bus.
[正] There is no room in the bus.
[析] room这里为不可数名词,意为空间,即没有地方了。place多指场所所在之地。
[误] I came here to take place of Mr Smith.
[正] I came here to take the place of Mr Smith.
[析] take the place of 意为代替、取代某人某事。
play
[误] Do you want to play guitar?
[正] Do you want to play the guitar?
[误] I like to play the bridge.
[正] I like to play bridge(桥牌).
[析] play作为玩讲时,在各种乐器前要加冠词,在各种体育运动前则没有冠词。
please
[误] My friend pleased me to his birthday party yesterday.
[正] My friend invited me to his birthday party yesterday.
[析] please作为动词时其词义不是请,而是高兴、愿意等意,如: She always does what she pleases. (她总是想做什么就做什么。)又如: It's hard to please all. 而please作为请讲时为语气词,多用于祈使句中,如: Please come in.
[误] Both the teacher and the mother were pleased to the little girl.
[正] Both the teacher and the mother were pleased with the little girl.
[析] 对某人表示满意、喜欢,应用be pleased with somebody. 对某事感到高兴和满意时多用be pleased at或about,但有时也可用with,却不能用of.
pleasure
[误] The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasures.
[正] The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasure.
[析] pleasure作为高兴、愉快、享乐、娱乐 讲时为不可数名词。
[误] It is pleasure to work with you.
[正] It is a pleasure to work with you.
[析] pleasure作为一件或某件乐事、高兴之事讲时为 可数名词,如: It is one of my pleasures.
police
[误] The police has not found the cause of the accident.
[正] The police have not found the cause of the accident.
[析] police为复数名词,它没有单数形式。如果要讲一个警察 要用a policeman,两个要用two policemen,或a policewoman, two policewomen.
prepare
[误] I'm preparing the exam.
[正] I'm preparing for the exam.
[误] We'll return in time for you to prepare for dinner.
[正] We'll return in time for you to prepare dinner.
[析] prepare既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。作及物动词时 其后面所跟的事物是正在 准备的;而作不及物动词时for后面的事物是目标。如: I'm preparing for the exam. 应
译为我正在为考试做准备。同样的用法还有search与search for.
present
[误] Don't worry. I can present the meeting.
[正] Don't worry. I can be present at the meeting.
[析] present作为出席、在场讲时,是形容词而不应 用作动词。其动词意为 送给;赠给;提出,如: The reporter presented arguments of his idea.
put
[误] She put off her red dress and put on the green one.
[正] She took off her red dress and put on the green on e.
[析] 与put连用的介词很多,一般来讲on与off是一对相反的意 义的介词,如: turn on (打开),turn off(关上),穿衣服是put on,但脱衣服却只能用take off,而put o ff是推迟、使某人下车、关掉之意,如: They put off the exam because t he national holiday. (因国家假日而推迟考期。)Could you put me off at the Town Ha ll. (请在市政厅让我下车。)Please put off the wireless before you leave. (走之前 请关掉无线电。)
R
radio
[误] There are two radioes in the classroom.
[正] There are two radios in the classroom.
[误] I heard the weather report through the radio.
[正] I heard the weather report on the radio.
[析] 在收音机中听到某事应为hear something on the ra dio,听收音机应为l isten to the radio. 这样的用法还有电视,看电视为watch TV,讲在电视上看见什 么节目为watch…on TV,如: I'm watching the football match on TV. 但注意,作为 一种通信手段时应为by radio, 如: Police are talking to each other by radio. rain
[误] There is a small rain falling.
[正] There is a light rain falling.
[误] There is a big rain.
[正] There is a heavy rain.
[析] 大雨在英文中应为a heavy rain, rain cats and do gs 为倾盆大雨,小雨 为a light rain. 千万不要讲a big rain 或a small rain. 当作动词讲时,雨下得很 大可译为: It rains very much now/hard now/heavily now.
reach
[误] We reached to the town very late.
[正] We reached the town very late.
[析] reach作为到达讲是及物动词,而arrive为不及物动 词。但要注意reach的词组 搭配,如reach for, 为伸手去拿,如: The thief reached for the gun. reach ou t伸出手,如: He reached out and took an interesting book.
ready
[误] You must ready at once.
[正] You must be ready at once.
[析] ready为形容词,而不像中文中准备为动词。
remember
[误] I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief c ame into the room directly.
[正] I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room directly.
[析] remember其后接动名词,动名词所表示的动作已经做完, 如: I don't remember meeting you. 其后如接不定式,不定式表达的动作还没有去做,如: Do remember to tur n off the light before you leave.
rest
[误] The rest of the students is girls.
[正] The rest of the students are girls.
[析] rest作剩余部分讲时,the rest of…结构作主语时 其谓语动词应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。这种用法还有1/3 of, 80% of等。
[误] The rest of the work are done.
[正] The rest of the work is done.
return
[误] My friends returned back to their second home town .
[正] My friends returned to their second home town.
[析] return即为返回,所以back是多余的。这句话还可以 表述为: My friends went back to their second home town.
rice
[误] We had a few rice and some bread.
[正] We had a little rice and some bread.
[析] rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。
rice
[误] We had a few rice and some bread.
[正] We had a little rice and some bread.
[析] rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。
rich
[误] The country is rich of oil.
[正] The country is rich in oil.
[析] be rich in 为盛产……。
[误] The rich is not always happy.
[正] The rich are not always happy.
[析] 形容词加定冠词表示一类人,作主语时要作复数看待。
[误] All his riches is no good to him if he is so ill.
[正] All his riches are no good to him if he is so ill.
[析] riches为财富,是复数名词,没有单数形式。像这 样的词还有goods(货物),greens(青菜),manners(礼貌)等。
river
[误] We like swimming on the river.
[正] We like swimming in the river.
[误] We like boating in the river.
[正] We like boating on the river.
[析] 游泳用in the river,而在湖中划船要用on the river.
room
[误] There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make a room for her.
[正] There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make room for her.
[析] room作为空间讲时为不可数名词。leave room for… 为给某人留点空地; make room for…为让位给某人,如: The young man made room for an old woman.
run
[误] I ran across with an old friend at the school gate .
[正] I ran across an old friend at the school gate.
[析] run across 为偶然相遇。
[误] The truck ran across the cat.
[正] The truck ran over the cat.
[析] run over为从……上辗过。
[误] Yesterday I ran to a storm on my way home.
[正] Yesterday I ran into a storm on my way home.
[析] run into为撞上或撞在……上。
S
safe
[误] The brave man safed the boy from drowning.
[正] The brave man saved the boy from drowning.
[析] safe是形容词,如: They wished him a safe journey. safely是副词,如: The young man drives his car safely. 而safety是名词,如: safety island(安全岛),Safety first!(安全第一!)但save是动词。
same
[误] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same that you got the day before yesterday.
[正] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same as you got the day before yesterday.
[析] the same that意为"即是",而the same as才能译为"像……一样的。"
[误] Your book is not same as mine.
[正] Your book is not the same as mine.
[析] the same as中的定冠词不能少。
say
[误] His report wrote she is nineteen.
[正] His report says she is nineteen.
[析] 中文中常讲"报告上写到"、"信上写到",这样的"写"在英文中要用say.
say speak talk tell
英文中"说"一般有四个词,其中say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语,如Please tell me a story. 而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加"语言"时才是及物的,如: Please speak English. 请看下句: He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.
sea
[误] As a boy his great ambition(抱负) was to go to the sea.
[正] As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea.
[析] go to sea为"去当水手、海员";而go to the sea=go to the seaside, 如: He want to go to the sea for his vacation.
在"海中"游泳为in the sea; at sea为在"海上航行",如: I have a brother at sea. by sea为"坐船"、"由海路运输",如: We travelled to New York by sea.
second
[误] I want to learn the second foreign language.
[正] I want to learn a second foreign language.
[析] 当作为"第二"外语,"再增加一个"时,不要用the second而要用a second. the second强调排队的次序,a second强调再增加一个。
see
[误] He was seen leave the room.
[正] He was seen to leave the room.
[析] see作主动态时用作to see somebody do something, 而用作被动态时则是somebody to be seen to do something. 要注意惯用法let me see(让我想想)。
sheep
[误] There are five sheeps on the grass.
[正] There are five sheep on the grass.
[析] sheep是单、复数同形名词,其他的还有: deer(鹿),fish(鱼)等。
ship
[误] I travelled on a yacht.
[正] I travelled on a ship (in a yacht).
[析] 虽然都是船,但游艇(yacht)要用in, 而ship要用on.
sick
[误] The little boy was a ill boy.
[正] The little boy was a sick boy.
[析] sick与ill作表语时都表示"有病"之意,如: He feels ill. 或He feels sick. 都对,但作定语时则只能用sick.
since
[误] He is living in Greece since 1978.
[正] He has lived in Greece since 1978.
[正] He has been living in Greece since 1978.
[析]
由since引出的状语从句意为"自从"某时一直如何,主句要用完成时或完成进行时。
[误] She has been quite different since came back from America.
[正] She has been quite different since coming back from America.
[析] 分词短语可以用在after, before, since等介词后面。
sleep
[误] The boy was very asleep.
[正] The boy was fast asleep.
[析] 熟睡在英文中为fast asleep. 非正式英语中一般不常用He's sleeping. 而常讲He's asleep. 其形容词sleepy是"困倦的",如: I shall go to bed now. I'm so sleepy. "卧铺"英国人讲sleeping car,而美国人讲sleeper.
slow
[误] Slow the door opened.
[正] Slowly the door opened.
[析] slow与slowly的用法与意思相同,在口语中和路标中多用slow,如: Tell him to drive slower. Slow, dangerous bend. 但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.
smile
[误] She smiled to me.
[正] She smiled at me.
[析] "冲着某人笑"应为to smile at somebody.
so
[误] It is such beautiful a book that every child likes it.
[正] It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it.
[正] It is so beautiful a book that every child likes it.
[析] 关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况: ① 用于单数可数名词之前,其格式为"such+不定冠词+形容词+名词",而"so+形容词+不定冠词"。② 用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前,只能用 such,如: It is such good weather that we want to go for a walk. They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③ 在只有形容词时只能用so,如: It is so good that I like it very much.④ 在many, much, few, little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如: I have so little money that I can't buy the dictionary.
[误] He got up early so as he could catch the first bus.
[正] He got up early so as to catch the first bus.
[正] He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.
[正] He got up so early that he could catch the first bus.
some
[误] Do you have some lessone to prepare?
[正] Do you have any lessons to prepare?
[析] 在疑问句或否定句中要用any; some多用在肯定句中,如: I have some money to buy it.
在请求,或真心希望得到肯定答复时,在疑问句中也要用some,如: Would you like something to drink?即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料。又如: Could you lend me some money?即真心想要借到钱。
sometime
[误] I have sometime thought that I should like to live in the country.
[正] I have sometimes thought that I should like to live in the country.
sometime sometimes some times sometime
sometime为"某个时候"、"总有一天",如: We'll meet again sometime next year. 或过去的"某一时刻",如: I saw her sometime in July. sometimes为"有时候"、"时常"、"常常",如: Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. Some times为"若干次",如: I visited America some times. May be five or seven times. I am not sure. Some time则是"一段时间"、"一些时候",如: I want to leave some time.
soon
[误] The room as soon as became crowded.
[正] The room soon became crowded.
[析] soon为"不久"、"很快",如: I'll be there very soon. 而as soon as意为"一……就……",如: As soon as I finished my homework I went out to play football.
sound
[误] The report sounds well.
[正] The report sounds good.
[析] sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词,如: How sweet the music sounds!
sport
[误] Are you going to run in the school sprot?
[正] Are you going to run in the school sprots?
[析] sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动,如: Basketball is an indoor sport. 而在泛指"运动"或"运动会"时要用其复数形式sports.
spring
[误] I'll visit America in this spring.
[正] I'll visit America in spring.
[正] I'll visit America this spring.
[析] 英语一年四季前如果有that, this, last, next等词,则其前面不要再加介词。这样的用法还有周、月、年等。请看下面句子中的用法有何不同: He told me that she did it on the next day. 这时是指过去某一天的第二天,所以才有这种用法。如果以现在为时间基点的第二天应为I'll do it next day.
start
[误] What time will you start to San Francisco?
[正] What time will you start for San Francisco?
[析] start与leave一样,其后接"for+目的地"。
begin start
begin与start在很多场合下是一样的意思,如: We started/began to study English two years ago. 但在如下场合则不能用begin: ① 作为"启程"讲,如: I think we ought to start at six. ② 表示"开始工作",如: The car won't start. (车子发动不起来。) ③ 作为"开动"、"启动"讲,如: Do you know how to start this machine.
still
[误] Oh, it is still raining now.
[正] Oh, it is still raining.
[析] 因still即包含有现在仍然如何,所以now是多余词。
still yet already
still一般与动词连用,可放于句子中间用以说明过去开始的动作现在仍然在继续,特别用来表示我们希望它早点停止。如: I've been thinking for hours, but I still can't decide. yet一般放于句末,用在疑问句与否定句中。如: Has the postman come yet? already则与动词连用,可放于句中表示某事的发生比预期的要早,如: I've already finished my homework.
stop
[误] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped to talk.
[正] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped talking.
[析] stop to do something是"停下来去做某事",而stop doing something是"停止做某事"。
street
[误] There is a narrow winding street from our village to the next one.
[正] There is a narrow winding road from our village to the next one.
[析] street一般指城市中两旁有建筑物的"街道",而road多指乡间的"路"。
strict
[误] You ought to be strict to him.
[正] You ought to be strict with him.
[析] be strict with是"对……严格的"。
such
[误] Do you want to have such a dictionary?
[正] Do you want to have such a good dictionary?
[正] Do you want to have a dictionary like that?
[析] such作加强语气时一般是"such+(冠词)形容词+名词",如: It's such a good book. 但如果名词前没有形容词则要看其名词是否具有"能显示程度的含意",如: I've got such a headache. You are such fools!否则在such与名词之间一定要有形容词。
sure
[误] I am quite sure for that answer.
[正] I am quite sure of that answer.
[析] sure用于句中表示"对……事有确实把握"时应跟of或about,而不跟for,如: I'm sure about (of) his ability to control this machine.
sweet
[误] Honey tastes sweetly.
[正] Honey tastes sweet.
[析] sweet可以作为名词,意为"糖果",是可数名词,如: May I have a sweet?作形容词,如: The child looked very sweet. 而sweetly为副词,意为"甜美地"、"悦耳地"。要注意taste为感观动词,其后面要接形容词而不是副词。
T
take
[误] This year I want to take the driver's license.
[正] This year I want to get the driver's license.
[析] take可以作为动词,意为"拿"、"取",如: I want to take my mail. 而要获得某种证书、证明,要用get而不用take, take在学校范围内意为"参加"或"选修"某些课程,如: This term I want to take both French and Spanish.
[误] The accident was taken place at the street corner.
[正] The accident took place at the street corner.
[析] take place与happen一样作为"发生"讲时没有被动语态。
[误] Do you take me as a fool?
[正] Do you take me for a fool?
[析] take…for…意为"以为是……"、"错当作……"、"误认为",而这一意思还可以用于I took you to be the best friend. (我把你认作是最好的朋友。)
[误] My English teacher was ill. Who will take place her?
[正] My English teacher was ill. Who will take the place of her?
[析] take the place of…意为"取代"。
talk
[误] Yesterday I met an old friend. We talked many things.
[正] Yesterday I met an old friend. We taked about many things.
[析] talk是不及物动词。
team [误] Our team likes seeing film.
[正] Our team like seeing film.
[析] team与family,class等词一样,指整体时为单数名词。如: Our team is excellent, 而指集体中的个体时要用作复数。
than
[误] They made fewer mistakes this term than they made last lerm.
[正] They made fewer mistakes this term than they did last lerm.
[析] 当一个动作在同一个句子中重复时,第二次要用do来代替,以避免重复。
[误] You make me do more then anybody I know.
[正] You make me do more than anybody I know.
[误] I got into the restroom than someone knocked at the door.
[正] I got into the rest room then someone knocked at the door.
[析] than与then不要误用。
then
[误] We went to the cinema, then went to a Chinese restaurant.
[正] We went to the cinema, and then went to a Chinese restaurant.
[正] We went to the cinema; then went to a Chinese restaurant.
[析] then作"然后"讲时,在then前应加分号而不用逗号,或加逗号用and then,但是如果是倒装句则要用逗号,如: First come Tom, then Mary.
think
[误] I think you are not right.
[正] I don't think you are right.
[析] think在肯定句中与中文的习惯用法是一致的,如: I think you are right. 但在宾语从句是否定意思时,要否定think,如: I don't think you are right.
[误] I think he will come here, do I?
[正] I think he will come here, wont he?
[析] think加宾语从句时,反意疑问句的主语应用宾语从句中的主语,助动词要用宾语从句中的助动词,而肯定还是否定要看主句中的情况决定:如主句用肯定句,则反意疑问句用否定句,反之亦然。
[误] People think very high of his work.
[正] People think very highly of his work.
[析] think highly of为"对某人某事评价很高"。
[误] When we talk about Chinese people we always think the Yellow River.
[正] When we talk about Chinese people we always think about the Yellow River.
[析] think about意为"想起"、"想到"。
thousand
[误] He got thousand of books from a secondhandbook shop.
[正] He got thousands of books from a secondhandbook shop.
[析] 虽然two thousand, three thousand在thousand后都不加s,但thousands of则为"数千",该结构中一定要加s。
through
[误] I had a long distance call with John throught the telephone.
[正] I had a long distance call with John on the telephone.
[误] It took us two hours to walk across the forest.
[正] It took us two hours to walk through the forest.
[析] across是表示在一平面上进行的动作,而through则是用在三维空间的动作。如: The river was frozen, so we could walk across it. I pushed through the crowds to the entrance.
throw
[误] He threw a stone to me.
[正] He threw a stone at me.
[析] "扔"这个词表示方向时要注意他向我扔石头是at me,我向他扔石头则为to him,但throw at还有寻衅之意,如: Stop throwing stones at the cars. 这时不要误用to.
time
[误] The doctor came on time so she was saved.
[正] The doctor came in time so she was saved.
[析] in time为"及时赶到",如: Do you think we can get there in time for the first act. 而on time 意为"准时",如: The train arrived on time.
[误] It is time we go home.
[正] It is time we should go home.
[正] It is time we went home.
[析] "是该作某事的时候了",其句形为: ① It is time for somebody to do something. ② "It is time+从句",从句中用"should+动词原形",或直接用动词的过去式。
[误] Let's hurry. We haven't many times.
[正] Let's hurry. We haven't much time.
[误] I have been to America two times.
[正] I have been to America twice.
[析] time作为"时间"讲时为不可数名词,而作为"次"讲时则是可数名词。但"一次"不是one time,而是once;"二次"不是two times,而是twice;"三次"则是three times.
too
[误] This box is too heavy to lift it.
[正] This box is too heavy to lift.
[析] 在too…to这一结构中,如果主语和不定式的宾语是一致的,则不要重复。
[误] The child is too young not to go to school.
[正] The child is too young to go to school.
[析] too…to这一结构用来表示"太……以致于不能……",但下面的句子则不能照此翻译: I'm too glad to meet you. 应译为"我见到你真太高兴了"。
[误] There is much too noise.
[正] There is too much noise.
[析] "much too+形容词",而"too much+不可数名词"。
[误] You have bought too much tomatoes.
[正] You have bought too many tomatoes.
[析] too many后才加可数名词。
also as well too
这三个词是近义词,但其用法各有不同。其一,too和as well通常用于句末,如: She went to the cinema and her brother went too. 而also则不用于句末,如: I've also read her other novels. 其二,这三个词都不用于否定句中,否定句中用not…either,或neither/nor…,如: He isn't here either.
trousers
[误] My trouser is getting smaller and smaller.
[正] My trousers are getting smaller and smaller.
[析] 英语中trousers, pants, shorts(短裤),glasses(眼镜)都要用复数形式。
[误] This pair of glasses are very good.
[正] This pair of glasses is very good.
[析] 有了量词a pair of,其后的谓语动词要与量词相一致。如: two pairs of…的谓语动词就要用复数。
try
[误] I tried to send her flowers but it didn't have any effect.
[正] I tried sending her flowers but it didn't have any effect. (我试着给她送花,但没有什么结果。)
[误] Please try understanding it.
[正] Please try to understand it.
[析] "try+动名词"的意思是"试一试",或"做某事看看会发生什么情况",而"try+不定式"表示为达到目的要去做的事。
U
under
[误] The lake is two meters under sea level.
[正] The lake is two meters below sea level.
[析] under的意思是在某物的下面,而below=lower than, 即"低于"。
[误] Under the help of our teacher, all of us passed the exam.
[正] With the help of our teacher, all of us passed the exam.
understand
[误] I think it is diffcult to make myself to understand.
[正] I think it is diffcult to make myself understood.
[析] 这句话的意思是"我想让别人理解我太难了"。
[误] I am understanding the lesson now.
[正] I understand the lesson now.
[析] understand一词没有进行时态。类似的词还有belong, find, hear, love, like等。
until
[误] We walked until the edge of the forest.
[正] We walked as far as the edge of the forest.
[误] Our school bus can hold until twenty children.
[正] Our school bus can hold up to twenty children.
[析] until与till两词的意思一样,但两个词都只能用于时间,如: I'll wait until I hear from you.
[误] I waited for my mother to seven o'clock, but she didn't come.
[正] I waited for my mother until seven o'clock, but she didn't come.
[误] Can you return this book until Monday?
[正] Can you return this book by Monday?
[析] 当我们谈目前正在进行而将来某一时刻才停止的事件时用until,而用by来表达将来某一时刻会发生的动作。
[误] We arrived home until it became dark.
[正] We didn't arrived home until it became dark.
[析] until用于肯定句时表示"某动作直到……为止",如: They worked until 5∶00 P. M. 用于否定句中时意为"直到……才"。所以用于肯定句中要使用延续性动词,但截止性动词却可以用在否定句中。
upstairs
[误] He went to upstairs.
[正] He went upstairs.
[析] upstairs一词可用作副词,如: We all hurried upstairs to see what happened. 也可用作名词,如; The upstairs of the house needs painting. 同时也可以用作形容词,如: A house with three upstairs rooms is quite good.
use
[误] It is no use to ask her.
[正] It is no use asking her.
[析] It is no use…与There is no use…后通常用动名词,而不用不定式。
[误] I'll get used to treat the students this way.
[正] I'll get used to treating the students this way.
[析] be used to与get used to后要接动名词表示"习惯于"做某事。
[误] I used to getting up early in the morning.
[正] I used to get up early in the morning.
[析] used to表示过去习惯的动作,其后要加动词原形。
[误] Oil was used to cooking.
[正] Oil was used to cook.
[析] 这里的句型虽然也是be used to但这里不是主动态,而是被动态,所以不能接动名词而应接不定式。
[误] We used to go to the Great Wall three times.
[正] We went to the Great Wall three times.
[析] used to只能用来表示一种习惯,而不能用来表达某事发生的次数。
V
very
[误] Thank you indeed.
[正] Thank you very much indeed.
[析] indeed用来修饰very much, 但要放其后面,而且也不要单独使用。
[误] The baby was very asleep.
[正] The baby was fast asleep.
[析] 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如: I'm wide awake. (我全醒了。)再如: all alone(十分孤独),much afraid等。
[误] The thing seems to be very improved.
[正] The thing seems to be much improved.
[析] 有些语法书讲very修饰现在分词,而much修饰过去分词,这要分别对待。如果过去分词是指一个具体的动作,而且是句中主要动词的一部分就必须用much,而某些形容词化的过去分词,还是要用very来修饰的,如: I am very tired.
[误] There is very less water in the river than usual.
[正] There is much/far less water in the river than usual.
[析] very不能修饰形容词或副词的比较级,而要用far, much等来修饰。
W
wait
[误] Tomorrow I will wait you at the bus stop.
[正] Tomorrow I will wait for you at the bus stop.
[析] wait是不及物动词,"等人"要用wait for somebody;而wait up为"不睡觉等候某事",如: I'll wait up tonight.
walk
[误] I think she went a walk yesterday.
[正] I think she went out for a walk yesterday.
[析] 散步在英文中要讲have a walk, take a walk.如果用go要用go for a walk.
want
[误] The flowers want to water.
[正] The flowers want watering.
[析] want在这里作为"需要"讲,其后加动名词。这句话的意思是"这花需要浇水。"
[误] Do you want someone go along with you?
[正] Do you want someone to go along with you?
[析] want somebody to do something为一固定用法。
wash
[误] Are you going to mak washing this weekend?
[正] Are you going to do washing this weekend?
[析] do washing为"洗衣服",是固定搭配。
watch
[误] Your watch is what time?
[正] What time is it by your watch?
[析] 一定要记住英文的习惯用法。
[误] The mother want to watch the children to play on the grass.
[正] The mother want to watch the children play (playing) on the grass.
[析] watch的用法同see, hear等词。
way
[误] Please move the chair, it is on the way.
[正] Please move the chair, it is in the way.
[析] in the way 为"挡道",而on the way为"在路上",如: on my way home (在回家路上),on his way to the station(在他去火车站的路上)。而by the way是"顺便说",如: By the way, have you heard from Joan recently?
[误] The students were on their way to home.
[正] The students were on their way home.
[析] home在这里为副词。
wear
[误] The little girl is old enough to wear herself.
[正] The little girl is old enough to dress herself.
[析] wear后接衣物而不接反身代词。
what
[误] I want to know what to do it?
[正] I want to know what to do? [误] I want to know how to do?
[正] I want to know how to do it?
[析] what是疑问代词,而how是疑问副词。要注意它们用法的不同。
when
[误] I'd cook you nice meal when you'd come home in the evening.
[正] I'd cook you nice meal when you came home in the evening.
[析] 在when引导的状语从句中,要用一般时表示将来,即主句中是将来时,从句中应用一般现在时,如主句中是过去将来时,从句中应用一般过去时。如: I'll be back when you come back from school.
[误] When in the second grade, his mother bought him a bike.
[正] When Tom was in the second grade, his mother bought him a bike.
[析] 复合句中只有当主句的主语与从句的主语一致的情况下,才有可能省略,如: When young he had to work all day.
[误] We'll go to the park when it doesn't rain tomorrow.
[正] We'll go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
[析] if用来表示不能肯定的事如果发生会如何;而when用来表示肯定会发生或很可能会发生的事情,如: I'll see you in September when I come back. [误] I don't know when he comes home tomorrow.
[正] I don't know when he will come home tomorrow.
[析] when所引出的宾语从句如果是表示将来的动作要用将来时,而不是像时间状语从句中用一般时表示将来。
where
[误] I don't know where to go to.
[正] I don't know where to go.
[析] where是疑问副词。
whether
[误] It is unknown if he will come.
[正] It is unknown whether he will come.
[析] if不能引导主语从句。上句中it是形式主语,其后的从句才是真正的主语从句。要注意以下各种情况不宜用if而要用whether:
① I didn't know whether you'll go or not. (因句中有or not选项。)
② He didn't know whether to visit the old man. (因用于不定式前。)
③ I'm interested in whether he'll go. (因作介词的宾语从句。)
④ I want to know the news whether our team will win. (同位语从句。)
⑤ Let me know whether you can come. (此句如用if则含意有所不同,其意就变为"如果你能来请通知我"。而用whether则意为"让我知道你是否能来"。)
who
[误] Whom do you think would like to come for a game of football?
[正] Who do you think would like to come for a game of football?
[析] 在这个句式中"do you think"应看作插入语,所以原句应为Who would like to come for a game of football?
[误] From who was the gift?
[正] From whom was the gift?
[正] Who was that gift from?
[析] 在句首时现代英语常用who取代whom,而在紧跟介词时则不能用who来取代whom.
why
[误] Why not to go to the park?
[正] Why not go to the park?
[析] why not后面接不带to的不定式,也可以用why don't you go with her?
win
[误] We have won your class.
[正] We have beaten your class.
[析] win 是及物动词,其后的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金,如: Which team won the football match?而beat是指"打败"对手、敌人,如: My brother beat me at poker. (请注意,beat是不规则动词,其过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten. )
wish
[误] I hope you to be a good student.
[正] I wish you to be a good student.
[析] hope不能加宾语再加宾语补足语,而wish则可以,如: I wish you luck. (我祝你走运。)
without
[误] I can't do this work well without you help me.
[正] I can't do this work well without your help.
[析] without其后接动名词或名词而不接从句。
work
[误] This girl is looking for a work at the bank.
[正] This girl is looking for a job at the bank.
[析] "找工作"一般应为to find a job,而works作为"工作"讲为不可数名词,不能加不定冠词,也不可用复数。当work作为"作品"、"著作"讲时,为可数名词,如: This painting is one of his great works. 而works作为"工厂"讲时单复数形式相同,如:an iron works或two iron works. 作主语时其谓语动词可用单数,如: The steel works is closed for the holidays.
write
[误] You may write with ink.
[正] You may write in ink.
[正] You may write with a pen.
[析] "用……写"这一表达法要看用的是什么: 如果用钢笔则应用with, 如: Please fill in this form with a pen. 但讲用墨水时则要用in.
Y
yesterday
[误] I came across my old friend yesterday night.
[正] I came across my old friend last night.
[析] "昨晚"应译为last night.