五级语法详解。
The patients are looked after well(by the nurses).
（5）含有“动-名-介”型短语动词的主动句变为被动句时，也可将其中的名词变为被动句的主语。
He paid much attention to his pronunciation.
Much attention was paid to his pronunciation(by him).
His pronunciation was paid much attention to(by him).
（6）被动语态与系表结构的区别：
被动语态，表“动作”，用相应的时态，时态变化比较丰富。
系表结构，表“性质”，常用一般时态。
The glass was broken by Tom yesterday.
The glass was broken.
That book was written by a teacher.
That book is well written.
（九）构词法
1．概念及种类：
英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这些规律叫构词法。主要有四种：合成、转化、派生和缩略。常见的是前三种。见下图。
种类 构成方法 例词
合成 由两个或两个以上的词合成为一个词 Classroom，newspaper，blackboard
Schoolmate，newly-born，hard-working
转化 由一词类转化为另一词类 taste，answer，back，hand，empty
派生 在词根上加前缀或后缀 care，careful，carefully
careless carelessness carelessly
2．高中阶段主要构词方法归纳：派生法和合成法
（1）派生法
①常用前缀
表“否定” un- unfair unable unlikely
in- impossible incapable
dis- discover disagree dislike dishonest
表“重复” re- rewrite retell repeat reconsider
②常用后缀
类型
加法 后缀意义 例词 名 词 后 缀 -er/or
-tion
-ese
-ist
-ing
-ment
-ness
-ian “动作的执行者”
变成了名词
“…地方的人”
“人”
名词化
名词化
变为名词
变为“…的人” teacher visitor inventor
organization congratulation invention
Chinese Japanese
pianist scientist violinist
living greeting wedding
movement treatment
happiness illness sickness carelessness
Australian
动 词 后 缀
-ify -ice
-ise
-en 使…变… beautify
realise organise
sacrifice
lengthen strengthen
形 容 词 后 缀
-able
-ful
-y
-ive
-al
-an 可…的，能…的
充满…的
带有…的
有…特征的
属于…的
…的 suitable comfortable movable
beautiful careful useful
sunny,windy,cloudy,snowy,sleepy,salty
active,instructive
musical medical physical
American European Australian
-ly 副词后缀 carefully really certainly
数词后缀 -teen 表“十三至十九” fourteen fifteen nineteen
-ty 表“二十、三十…七十” forty sixty eighty
-th 表“第几” fourth sixtieth ninth
（2）合成法：
police+man=policeman play+ground=playground
birth+day=birthday after+noon=afternoon
hand+bag=handbag every+where=everywhere
bed+room=bedroom no+where=nowhere
hand+writing=handwriting any+where=anywhere
grand+parent=grandparent how+ever=however
what+ever=whatever
