一、理论知识
1. 直译法
• honeymoon\mad cow disease\hot line\ talk show\gene therapy\chain reaction
• bull’s eye
• bicycle people
• milky way
靶心、骑自行车的人、银河
2. 意译
• as timid as hare 胆小如兔
• day student 白天的学生
• in the dark 在黑暗中
• cash crops 现金庄稼
胆小如鼠、走读生、一无所知、经济作物
• he had one foot in the grave.
他已经有一只脚踏进坟墓了
他已经是风烛残年了
• the medicinal herb helps a cough.
这种草药帮助咳嗽
这种草药可以治疗咳嗽
理解、表达(直译结合意译)、校对
二、词
1. 根据词性确定词义
• the earth is not completely round.
• let’s go into the hall and have a look round.
• they are dancing in a round.
• he worked round the day.
• the boy’s eyes rounded with excitement.
• 圆的 形容词
• 转一转 副词
• 一圈 名词
• 一整天 介词
• 睁得圆圆的 动词
2. 根据上下文确定词义
• the story of their sufferings moved us deeply.
• work on the new building is moving quickly.
• the government’s opinions on this matter haven’t moved.
• she moves in the highest circles of society.
• unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.
• 打动
• 进展
• 改变
• 生活
• 采取措施
3. 根据汉语表达习惯确定词义
• i think your suggestion will work.
• the new treatment works like magic.
• my watch doesn’t work.
• the sea works high.
• she worked her way to the front.
• the new regulation is working well.
• 行得通
• 疗效
• 走
• 汹涌起伏
• 挤到
• 执行
4. 通过抽象化加以引申
• they have their smiles and tears.
微笑和眼泪
• we insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.
单行道
• i have no head for mathematics.
没有头脑
• 欢乐与悲哀
• 有来无往
• 没有天赋
5. 通过具体化加以引申
• the car in front of me stopped, and i missed the green.
绿色 绿灯
• perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.
麻烦 缺点
6. 增加原文中省略的部分
• reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
• a fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.
• without a sense of your fault, how can repentance an amendment be expected?
• students should learn from teachers and vice versa.
• 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确
• 愚人会很快忘记说过的话,智者会很快放弃手里的钱
• 如果你对自己的错误都不能认识到,怎么能指望你悔改呢
• 学生应该向老师学习,老师也应该向学生学习
7. 从语法角度去省略
• the significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.
• it is the people who are really powerful.
• if winter comes, can spring be far behind?
• on july 1, 1997, hong kong returned to the people’s republic of china.
• delivery must be affected within the time stated on the purchase order.
• 人生的意义不在于已经获取的,而在于渴望得到什么样的东西
• 人民才是最强大的
• 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
• 1997年7月,香港回归了中华人民共和国
• 必须在购货单规定的时间交货
8. 重复法
• this has been our position—but not theirs.
• we talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything.
• he hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
• 这一直是我们的立场—而不是他们的立场
• 我们谈到自己,谈到前途,谈到旅程,谈到天气,谈到彼此的情况—谈到所有的一切事情
• 他讨厌失败,他一生中曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且藐视别人的失败
三、句
1. 主语从句
• whatever is worth doing should be done well.
• 任何值得做的事情都应该做好
• it is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
• 真奇怪,他竟然没有看出自己的缺点
2. 宾语从句
• i told him that BECause of the last condition, i’d have to turn it down.
• 我告诉他,由于那最后一个条件,我只得谢绝
• we consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.
• 打开国门,实行开放,我们认为这是绝对必要
3. 表语从句
• the question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
• 问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持
• his view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
• 他对新闻界的看法是,记者们不是支持他,就是反对他
4. 同位语从句
• we know the fact that bodies possess weight.
• 我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实
• we have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.
• 我们已经得出这样的结论:实践是检验真理的标准
5. 定语从句
• he who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
• i told the story to winson, who told it to his brother.
• it is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
6. 状语从句
• 时间状语从句
directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.
他刚说出这些话,大家就沉默下来
• 原因状语从句
we had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.
由于很多人没有来,会议只好延期
• 条件状语从句
it was better in case they were captured.
要是把他们抓到了,那就更好了
• 让步状语从句
no matter what i say or how i say it, he always thinks i’m wrong.
不管我说什么,也不管我怎么说,他总是认为我错了
• 目的状语从句
he emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.
他反复强调这一点,免得她忘记了
• 结果状语从句
the difference is such that all will perceive it.
差别这么大,所有的人都看得出来
四个维度
对英语原文理解的深度
自身的汉语修养程度
对英语、汉语所在的两种文化、历史、风土人情等的正确掌握
需要真正摆脱原文束缚，遣词造句尽量贴近原文，同时还要按照汉语习惯来表达英语原文的内容
