基本信息·出版社：高等教育出版社 ·页码：180 页 ·出版日期：2008年06月 ·ISBN：9787040221701 ·条形码：9787040221701 ·版本：第1版 ·装帧：平装 ...
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全国英语等级考试全真模拟试卷:第5级(附光盘1张) |
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全国英语等级考试全真模拟试卷:第5级(附光盘1张) |
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基本信息·出版社：高等教育出版社
·页码：180 页
·出版日期：2008年06月
·ISBN：9787040221701
·条形码：9787040221701
·版本：第1版
·装帧：平装
·开本：8
·正文语种：英语
内容简介 《全国英语等级考试全真模拟试卷》全国英语等级考试（PublicEnglishTestSystem，简称PETS）是教育部考试中心设计并负责的全国性英语水平考试。PETS是我国惟一面向全体社会公民的多级别的权威英语测试体系，考生可以根据自己的英语水平选择参加其中任何一个级别的考试。PETS分为笔试和口试两个相对独立的考查部分，对考生听、说、读、写等能力进行全面考查，对合格者颁发相应的英语等级证书，以满足社会上英语能力鉴定和人才市场的需求。PETs2级和4级考试的标准被分别用来改造当前高考和研究生人学考试中的英语考试，PETs2级和3级考试被分别用来替代高等教育自学考试中的专科和本科考试中的公共英语考试，而PETS5级考试已替代全国外语水平考试中的英语考试（WSK．EPT）。
编辑推荐 《全国英语等级考试全真模拟试卷》随着PETS考试在我国各地区的蓬勃发展，教育部考试中心根据实际需求于2006年修订了考试大纲。新大纲不仅详细介绍了PETs的设计背景、级别标准、考试形式、结构和内容以及考试样卷等，还配有VCD光盘，内容包括计算机口语考试、现场口语考试实考录像等。为了让广大考生充分而有针对性地学习与备考，教育部考试中心还组织编写了《全国英语等级考试标准教程》。上述考试大纲和标准教程等系列用书由教育部考试中心授权高等教育出版社独家出版发行。
文摘 A lot happens to your teeth. They are ground, braced, brushed, flossed, polished, drilled,filled, and if you do not take care of them, pulled. For your teeth, proper oral care is as essential asanything else you do for your body and your generally health. Fortunately, if there is any damageto your teeth modern dentistry techniques make it easier, faster and less painful to get the problemfixed.
By definition, dentistry includes the study, diagnosis, treatment and the prevention of diseaseof the mouth, teeth, gum and jawbones. Today's dentists use sophisticated equipment and pain-preventing medicines, but these have not always been around.
The earliest historical records of dentistry are from Egypt from around 3600 BC. Aesculapius,a Greek physician who lived around 1250 BC, is credited with the idea of pulling disease teeth.Hippocrates, around 400 BC, wrote of applying ointments and using branding irons to treat diseaseof the mouth. Through the Middle Ages wealthy people were treated by physicians and surgeons,while poor people could look to the local barber to pull painful teeth.
Modern dentistry emerged with the release of Pierre Fauchard's book The Surgeon Dentist,A Treatise on Teeth. Fauchard is considered the father of modern dentistry. Later, the first schooldevoted to teaching dentistry opened in Baltimore in the USA in 1840.
Green Vardiman Black invented a foot engine so dentists would have two free hands whileusing the dental drill. He also came up with the idea that gum disease was an infection caused bybacteria. This was later confirmed in 1960. An important contribution was made in 1944 when Dr.Horace Wells, a Connecticut dentist, first used nitrous oxide （laughing gas） as an oral anesthetic;today this method of administering anesthetic is employed for many dental and medical surgeries.The introduction of fluoride in toothpaste in the 1960s was a huge breakthrough; teenagers andadults today have a 50% better chance of not dev
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