利用dbms_backup_restore恢复数据库测试环境：OEL11.2.0.1实例名：orcl2DBID：1336959433场景：Oracle数据库的
利用dbms_backup_restore恢复数据库
测试环境：OEL+11.2.0.1
实例名：orcl2DBID：1336959433场景：Oracle数据库的存储坏了，数据文件和控制文件全部丢失，只有数据文件的备份集，且备份集中无控制文件。（当然了，oracle10g和11g中是自动备份数据文件的）
备份数据库首先将数据库进行全备[oracle@DBA2 backup]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Sep 22 00:05:52 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: ORCL2 (DBID=1336959433) RMAN> backup database format '/backup/orcl_%U' plus archivelog; Starting backup at 22-SEP-13current log archivedusing target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=38 device type=DISKchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=16 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=9 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=8 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=10 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=11 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=17 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=19 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=18 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=13 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=12 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=15 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=14 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=21 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=22 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=20 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=7 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=4 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=5 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=1 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=2 STAMP=826760691channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vjz8nh_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=6 STAMP=826760691input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=3 STAMP=826760691channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vk288l_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=23 STAMP=826761959channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vk29cw_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 22-SEP-13 Starting backup at 22-SEP-13using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setinput datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbfinput datafile file number=00002 name=/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbfinput datafile file number=00003 name=/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbfinput datafile file number=00005 name=/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbfinput datafile file number=00004 name=/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbfchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13piece handle=/backup/orcl_04okeoqa_1_1 tag=TAG20130922T000738 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setincluding current control file in backup setincluding current SPFILE in backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13piece handle=/backup/orcl_05okeou7_1_1 tag=TAG20130922T000738 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 22-SEP-13 Starting backup at 22-SEP-13current log archivedusing channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=24 STAMP=826762186channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000946_93vk6b6o_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000946 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 22-SEP-13 RMAN> 查看备份文件：[oracle@DBA2 backup]$ ls-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1182695424 Sep 22 00:09 orcl_04okeoqa_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10158080 Sep 22 00:09 orcl_05okeou7_1_1
orcl_04okeoqa_1_1是数据文件的备份集，orcl_05okeou7_1_1是控制文件和参数文件的备份集。
制造实验场景删除数据文件和控制文件：[oracle@DBA2 oradata]$ cd /oradata/orcl2/[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ lscontrol01.ctl redo02.log seven.dbf system01.dbf temp02.dbf users01.dbfredo01.log redo03.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf undotbs01.dbf[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ rm *[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ cd /u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl2/[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ lscontrol02.ctl[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ rm *[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ 数据文件和控制文件现已全部删除，数据库也会随之崩溃； 开始恢复如果之前有参数文件，就用之前的参数文件，如果没有就自己手动修改init.ora文件，先将实例启动到nomount状态；[oracle@DBA2 dbs]$ sql SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Sep 22 00:18:50 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u/oracle/product/11.2/dbs/initorcl2.ora'ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 418484224 bytesFixed Size 1336932 bytesVariable Size 327158172 bytesDatabase Buffers 83886080 bytesRedo Buffers 6103040 bytesSQL> 备份集中有控制文件
如果备份集中有控制文件，可以先还原控制文件再还原数据文件；
还原控制文件使用dbms_backup_restore将控制文件从备份集中构造出来：SQL> declare 2 devtype varchar2(256); 3 done boolean; 4 begin 5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceallocate(type=>'',ident=>'t1'); 6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoresetdatafile; 7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restorecontrolfileto(cfname=>'/oradata/orcl2/control01.ctl'); 8 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restorebackuppiece(done=>done,handle=>'/backup/orcl_05okeou7_1_1',params=>null); 9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.devicedeallocate; 10 end; 11 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> 可以在路径下看到控制文件被构造出来了。[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:53 control01.ctl 现在可以将实例启动到mount状态了。SQL> alter database mount;Database altered. 查看数据文件的file#号和绝对路径：SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile; FILE# NAME---------- ---------------------------------------- 1 /oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf 2 /oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf 3 /oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf 4 /oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf 5 /oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf OK！控制文件恢复成功，且知道数据文件的file#和name。还原数据文件现在知道数据文件的file#和name后，还是利用dbms_backup_restore从备份集中还原数据文件：SQL> declare 2 devtype varchar2(256); 3 done boolean; 4 begin 5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1'); 6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; 7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01, 8 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf'); 9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02, 10 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf'); 11 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03, 12 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf'); 13 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04, 14 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf'); 15 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05, 16 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf'); 17 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done, 18 handle=>'/backup/orcl_04okeoqa_1_1',params=>null); 19 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate; 20 end; 21 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.查看数据文件路径下是否已经将数据文件还原到指定目录：[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -altotal 1480808drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 00:52 .drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:54 control01.ctl-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52436992 Sep 22 00:52 seven.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 Sep 22 00:52 sysaux01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:53 system01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:53 undotbs01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Sep 22 00:52 users01.dbf确实，数据文件已经被还原至指定目录（没有临时表空间，因为rman备份的时候不会备份temp临时表空间）； 备份集中无控制文件还原数据文件利用dbms_backup_restore从备份集中还原数据文件，当然这里并不知道数据文件的file#和name，一般name都会知道，只是file#无法确定，一般而言system是01号，undotbs是02号，sysaux是03号，users是04号，其他的就只能通过猜或者一个一个试了。当然之前能保存这些信息当然很好。SQL> declare 2 devtype varchar2(256); 3 done boolean; 4 begin 5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1'); 6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; 7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01, 8 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf'); 9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02, 10 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf'); 11 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03, 12 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf'); 13 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04, 14 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf'); 15 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05, 16 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf'); 17 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done, 18 handle=>'/backup/orcl_04okeoqa_1_1',params=>null); 19 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate; 20 end; 21 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.查看数据文件路径下是否已经将数据文件还原到指定目录：[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -altotal 1480808drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 00:52 .drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:54 control01.ctl-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52436992 Sep 22 00:52 seven.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 Sep 22 00:52 sysaux01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:53 system01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:53 undotbs01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Sep 22 00:52 users01.dbf确实，数据文件已经被还原至指定目录（没有临时表空间，因为rman备份的时候不会备份temp临时表空间）；手动创建控制文件接下来要手动创建控制文件，这个环节很简单，但前提是要知道有哪些数据文件CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL2" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/oradata/orcl2/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/oradata/orcl2/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/oradata/orcl2/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
DATAFILE
'/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
SQL> @/home/oracle/controlfile.txt
Control file created.
SQL>
控制文件恢复完成后，将数据库启动到mount状态，再执行不完全恢复。不完全恢复现在执行不完全恢复：SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;ORA-00279: change 1246394 generated at 09/22/2013 00:07:38 needed for thread 1ORA-00289: suggestion :/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/archivelog/2013_09_22/o1_mf_1_2_93vk6b0w_.arcORA-00280: change 1246394 for thread 1 is in sequence #2 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}cancelMedia recovery cancelled.SQL> 恢复完成，之后将实例打开，因为redo文件也丢失了，执行不完全恢复，要加resetlogs参数：SQL> alter database open resetlogs; Database altered. SQL> 看看redo文件是否被重建？[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -altotal 1636644drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 00:57 .drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:58 control01.ctl-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Sep 22 00:58 redo01.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Sep 22 00:57 redo02.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Sep 22 00:57 redo03.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52436992 Sep 22 00:57 seven.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 Sep 22 00:57 sysaux01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:57 system01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10493952 Sep 22 00:57 temp01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10493952 Sep 22 00:57 temp02.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:57 undotbs01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Sep 22 00:57 users01.dbf 很好，redo文件也被重建，实例也启动起来了。但是实验的时候只用了一个控制文件，考虑到控制文件要多路复用，需要将实例关闭，修改参数文件，copy一个控制文件，这里就不再赘述了。
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作者: Seven
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/sunjiapeng/article/details/11890707
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