在团队中进行单元测试/TDD的12条经验
Introduction
Two years ago, I was working in a project where our goal was to write a web excel-like application to calculate products/services prices. The team was splitted in 3 pieces, the development team, the requirement team and the QA team. This project became so big and we didn’t use any types of automated tests (our QA team was doing manual tests) that the project spent more time being tested than being developed. Each little change, the project spent hours, hours and hours with the QA team. One day I went to a developer meeting and talked about my problem with others programmers. They suggested to me learn about unit tests, acceptance tests and TDD.
Learned Lessons
The list below is a lessons list that I learned while applying unit tests/TDD since 2011.
1. Don’t try to apply TDD for the first time or teach TDD to your team in a real project.?It won’t work. First is necessary to know how TDD’s flow works. How to mock up objects, how to mock up the framework internals, how organize tests and so on, if your team is not ready, it will slow down the development and you will miss some deadlines.
2. Coding Dojo is a good way to teach TDD.?We do coding dojo sessions. It’s the best way we found to teach TDD to new developers and to keep our skills up-to-date.
3. Try to convince your whole team before applying TDD.?There isn’t nothing more frustrating than one or two developers ruining our test efforts, commenting code, trying to commit with failing tests and so on. I had bad experiences with non committed developers. Explain about the benefits, how tests keep our software bug-free, how we can refactor the code without worry about break the software and so on.
4. Write sufficient tests.?Build a test suite is like to build a shield against bugs, the team should be able to fully trust in this shield when we are doing a refactoring or evolving the software. If this shield has gaps, we are increasing the risk to create unidentified bugs when we change the code. You don’t have to cover 100% of your code, it’s almost impossible and you will lose too much time but cover the majority of your code is perfectly achievable. A good rule is test everything that can possibly break.
5. Use a coverage tool.?Coverage tools will report gaps in our test suite. With these tools, is easy to identify code that aren’t being tested. Most of these tools give to us a visual identification, coloring the lines that are being tested in blue/green and coloring in red the lines that are not being tested. If you are a .NET Programmer, the Visual Studio Ultimate comes with this feature or if you are a Java Programmer you can use the?EclEmma.
?6. Tests should be fast.?Fast to run and fast to write. When we are building software we are always pursuing a deadline. Our tests have to help us to achieve this goal and not be a distraction or a delay.
If our tests take too much time to be written, the team will stop to write them when the deadlines become too tight.
If our tests take too much time to run, the team won’t run them everytime they change the code or they would decrease the team’s productivity.
7. Don’t comment or ignore failing tests.?Once your team becomes comfortable with build failing due to 1 test, they will be comfortable with the build failing due to 2, 3, 4 tests and so on. At these times, the test suite feedback will be ignored and the tests won’t be helpful anymore.
8. Pair programming helps the team to adopt TDD.?When we are trying TDD for the first time or when our deadline is tight, we will have the will to forget the tests and write only production code. Pair programming will prevent the team to cut corners and will keep it writing tests.
9. Keep your test code clean.?Once, to speed our productivity, we decided that our test code shouldn’t be as clean as our production code. At first look, it was a good decision but software will change and tests will have to be changed too. We ended up with tests difficult to maintain and with larger estimates due the cost to maintain the tests.
10. Tests should have one and only one reason to fail.?Be careful if your test has a lot of assertions. If functions and classes should have only one responsability, our tests should test only one concept. In this way, it will be easier to look at a failed test and figure out what is wrong.
11. Write unit tests will save debug time.?A lot of time is spent debugging code, looking for bugs. Once you are writing unit tests, you will have a real-time feedback of each piece in your code, it will be easier to find bugs and consequently and it will reduce the time we spend debugging.
12. Keep pushing.?Apply TDD is all about change our mindset. It’s difficult to start to write tests and is even more difficult to write tests BEFORE to write production code. It’s important to keep pushing and writing tests, one day, they will end up saving our lives. Also, once your team is fully comfortable with TDD, the productivity tend to increase.
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