RandomAccess接口的应用
RandomAccess接口的使用引子:RandomAccess在类Collections的shuffle()方法中的使用:(jdk源码如下)Java代码
RandomAccess接口的使用
引子:RandomAccess在类Collections的shuffle()方法中的使用:(jdk源码如下)Java代码 - <span style="font-size: small;">/**
- * Randomly permute the specified list using the specified source of
- * randomness. All permutations occur with equal likelihood
- * assuming that the source of randomness is fair.<p>
- *
- * This implementation traverses the list backwards, from the last element
- * up to the second, repeatedly swapping a randomly selected element into
- * the "current position". Elements are randomly selected from the
- * portion of the list that runs from the first element to the current
- * position, inclusive.<p>
- *
- * This method runs in linear time. If the specified list does not
- * implement the {@link RandomAccess} interface and is large, this
- * implementation dumps the specified list into an array before shuffling
- * it, and dumps the shuffled array back into the list. This avoids the
- * quadratic behavior that would result from shuffling a "sequential
- * access" list in place.
- *
- * @param list the list to be shuffled.
- * @param rnd the source of randomness to use to shuffle the list.
- * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the specified list or its
- * list-iterator does not support the <tt>set</tt> operation.
- */
-
-
- public static void shuffle(List<?> list, Random rnd) {
- int size = list.size();
- if (size < SHUFFLE_THRESHOLD || list instanceof RandomAccess) {//注意这一句中的instanceof
- for (int i=size; i>1; i--)
- swap(list, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i));
- } else {
- Object arr[] = list.toArray();
-
- // Shuffle array
- for (int i=size; i>1; i--)
- swap(arr, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i));
-
- // Dump array back into list
- ListIterator it = list.listIterator();
- for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
- it.next();
- it.set(arr[i]);
- }
- }
- }</span>
由以上的jdk源码可见,在对实现list接口的对象进行洗牌,打乱时,区分了该类是否是RandomAccess的实例,这样做有什么意义呢?请继续向下看:
介绍:
在jdk文档中对RandomAccess接口的定义如下:
public interface RandomAccess
List 实现所使用的标记接口,用来表明其支持快速(通常是固定时间)随机访问。此接口的主要目的是允许一般的算法更改其行为,从而在将其应用到随机或连续访问列表时能提供良好的性能。
将操作随机访问列表的最佳算法(如 ArrayList )应用到连续访问列表(如 LinkedList )时,可产生二次项的行为。如果将某个算法应用到连续访问列表,那么在应用可能提供较差性能的算法前,鼓励使用一般的列表算法检查给定列表是否为此接口的一个 instanceof ,如果需要保证可接受的性能,还可以更改其行为。
现在已经认识到,随机和连续访问之间的区别通常是模糊的。例如,如果列表很大时,某些 List 实现提供渐进的线性访问时间,但实际上是固定的访问时间。这样的 List 实现通常应该实现此接口。
强调:
JDK中推荐的是对List集合尽量要实现RandomAccess接口
如果集合类是RandomAccess的实现,则尽量用for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) 来遍历而不要用Iterator迭代器来遍历,在效率上要差一些。反过来,如果List是Sequence List,则最好用迭代器来进行迭代。
JDK中说的很清楚,在对List特别是Huge size的List的遍历算法中,要尽量来判断是属于RandomAccess(如ArrayList)还是Sequence List (如LinkedList),因为适合RandomAccess List的遍历算法,用在Sequence List上就差别很大,常用的作法就是:
要作一个判断:
if (list instance of RandomAccess) {
for(int m = 0; m < list.size(); m++){}
}else{
Iterator iter = list.iterator();
while(iter.hasNext()){}
}
验证:
Java代码 - <span style="font-size: small;">/*
- * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates
- * and open the template in the editor.
- */
- package testrandomaccess;
-
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- import java.util.LinkedList;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.RandomAccess;
-
- /**
- *
- * @author bolong
- */
- public class TestRandomAccess {
- // 初始化列表
-
- public static void initList(List list, int n) {
- for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
- list.add(i);
- }
- }
- //使用循环进行对列表的迭代
-
- public static void traverseWithLoop(List list) {
- long starttime = 0;
- long endtime = 0;
- starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
- for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
- list.get(i);
- }
- }
- endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- System.out.println("使用loop迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");
-
- }
- //使用迭代器对列表进行迭代
-
- public static void traverseWithIterator(List list) {
- long starttime = 0;
- long endtime = 0;
- starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
- for (Iterator itr = list.iterator(); itr.hasNext();) {
- itr.next();
- }
- }
- endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- System.out.println("使用Iterator迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");
- }
-
- public static void traverse(List list) {
-
- long starttime = 0;
- long endtime = 0;
- if (list instanceof RandomAccess) {
- System.out.println("该list实现了RandomAccess接口");
- starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
- for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
- list.get(i);
- }
- }
- endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- System.out.println("迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");
- } else {
- System.out.println("该list未实现RandomAccess接口");
- starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
- for (Iterator itr = list.iterator(); itr.hasNext();) {
- itr.next();
- }
- }
- endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- System.out.println("迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");
- }
- }
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ArrayList arraylist = new ArrayList();
- LinkedList linkedlist = new LinkedList();
- initList(arraylist, 1000);
- initList(linkedlist, 1000);
- traverse(arraylist);
- traverse(linkedlist);
- traverseWithIterator(arraylist);
- traverseWithLoop(arraylist);
- traverseWithIterator(linkedlist);
- traverseWithLoop(linkedlist);
- }
- }
- </span>
运行程序输出的结果为:
该list实现了RandomAccess接口
迭代一共花了47ms时间
该list未实现RandomAccess接口
迭代一共花了15ms时间
使用Iterator迭代一共花了79ms时间
使用loop迭代一共花了46ms时间
使用Iterator迭代一共花了47ms时间
使用loop迭代一共花了797ms时间
结论:
根据程序输出的结果的确证明了,arraylist等实现了RandomAccessj接口的类在进行迭代时使用loop效率更高,而linkedList那些未实现该接口的类在进行迭代时使用Iterator进行迭代效率更高.