MySQL不同存储引擎和不同分区字段对于查询的影响
前提：每种表类型准备了200万条相同的数据。
表一 InnoDB & PARTITION BY RANGE (id)?
CREATE TABLE `customer_innodb_id` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL, `email` varchar(64) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `phone` varchar(13) DEFAULT NULL, `birth` date DEFAULT NULL, `sex` int(1) DEFAULT NULL, `avatar` blob, `address` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL, `regtime` datetime DEFAULT NULL, `lastip` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL, `modifytime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (id)(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (100000) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (500000) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1000000) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (1500000) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (2000000) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = InnoDB) */;
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查询结果：
mysql> select count(*) from customer_innodb_id where id > 50000 and id < 500000;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 449999 |+----------+1 row in set (1.19 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_innodb_id where id > 50000 and id < 500000;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 449999 |+----------+1 row in set (0.28 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_innodb_id where regtime > '1995-01-01 00:00:00' and regtime < '1996-01-01 00:00:00';+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 199349 |+----------+1 row in set (4.74 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_innodb_id where regtime > '1995-01-01 00:00:00' and regtime < '1996-01-01 00:00:00';+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 199349 |+----------+1 row in set (5.28 sec)
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表二 InnoDB & PARTITION BY RANGE (year)?
CREATE TABLE `customer_innodb_year` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL, `email` varchar(64) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `phone` varchar(13) DEFAULT NULL, `birth` date DEFAULT NULL, `sex` int(1) DEFAULT NULL, `avatar` blob, `address` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL, `regtime` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00', `lastip` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL, `modifytime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`regtime`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (YEAR(regtime ))(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1996) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1997) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1998) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (1999) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (2000) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN (2001) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN (2002) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN (2003) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN (2004) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN (2005) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p10 VALUES LESS THAN (2006) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p11 VALUES LESS THAN (2007) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p12 VALUES LESS THAN (2008) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p13 VALUES LESS THAN (2009) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p14 VALUES LESS THAN (2010) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p15 VALUES LESS THAN (2011) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p16 VALUES LESS THAN (2012) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p17 VALUES LESS THAN (2013) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p18 VALUES LESS THAN (2014) ENGINE = InnoDB, PARTITION p19 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = InnoDB) */;
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查询结果：
mysql> select count(*) from customer_innodb_year where id > 50000 and id < 500000;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 449999 |+----------+1 row in set (5.31 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_innodb_year where id > 50000 and id < 500000;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 449999 |+----------+1 row in set (0.31 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_innodb_year where regtime > '1995-01-01 00:00:00' and regtime < '1996-01-01 00:00:00';+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 199349 |+----------+1 row in set (0.47 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_innodb_year where regtime > '1995-01-01 00:00:00' and regtime < '1996-01-01 00:00:00';+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 199349 |+----------+1 row in set (0.19 sec)
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表三 MyISAM & PARTITION BY RANGE (id)?
CREATE TABLE `customer_myisam_id` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL, `email` varchar(64) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `phone` varchar(13) DEFAULT NULL, `birth` date DEFAULT NULL, `sex` int(1) DEFAULT NULL, `avatar` blob, `address` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL, `regtime` datetime DEFAULT NULL, `lastip` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL, `modifytime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (id)(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (100000) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (500000) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1000000) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (1500000) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (2000000) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = MyISAM) */;
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查询结果：
mysql> select count(*) from customer_myisam_id where id > 50000 and id < 500000;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 449999 |+----------+1 row in set (0.59 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_myisam_id where id > 50000 and id < 500000;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 449999 |+----------+1 row in set (0.16 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_myisam_id where regtime > '1995-01-01 00:00:00' and regtime < '1996-01-01 00:00:00';+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 199349 |+----------+1 row in set (34.17 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_myisam_id where regtime > '1995-01-01 00:00:00' and regtime < '1996-01-01 00:00:00';+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 199349 |+----------+1 row in set (34.06 sec)
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表四 MyISAM & PARTITION BY RANGE (year)?
CREATE TABLE `customer_myisam_year` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL, `email` varchar(64) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `phone` varchar(13) DEFAULT NULL, `birth` date DEFAULT NULL, `sex` int(1) DEFAULT NULL, `avatar` blob, `address` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL, `regtime` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00', `lastip` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL, `modifytime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`regtime`)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (YEAR(regtime ))(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1996) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1997) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1998) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (1999) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (2000) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN (2001) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN (2002) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN (2003) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN (2004) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN (2005) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p10 VALUES LESS THAN (2006) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p11 VALUES LESS THAN (2007) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p12 VALUES LESS THAN (2008) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p13 VALUES LESS THAN (2009) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p14 VALUES LESS THAN (2010) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p15 VALUES LESS THAN (2011) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p16 VALUES LESS THAN (2012) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p17 VALUES LESS THAN (2013) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p18 VALUES LESS THAN (2014) ENGINE = MyISAM, PARTITION p19 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = MyISAM) */;
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查询结果：
mysql> select count(*) from customer_myisam_year where id > 50000 and id < 500000;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 449999 |+----------+1 row in set (2.08 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_myisam_year where id > 50000 and id < 500000;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 449999 |+----------+1 row in set (0.17 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_myisam_year where regtime > '1995-01-01 00:00:00' and regtime < '1996-01-01 00:00:00';+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 199349 |+----------+1 row in set (0.56 sec)mysql> select count(*) from customer_myisam_year where regtime > '1995-01-01 00:00:00' and regtime < '1996-01-01 00:00:00';+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 199349 |+----------+1 row in set (0.13 sec)
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?结果汇总
序号存储引擎分区函数查询条件一次查询(sec)二次查询(sec)1InnoDBidid1.190.282InnoDBidregtime4.745.283InnoDByearid5.310.314InnoDByearregtime0.470.195MyISAMidid0.590.166MyISAMidregtime34.1734.067MyISAMyearid2.080.178MyISAMyearregtime0.560.13?总结
1、对于按照时间区间来查询的，建议采用按照时间来分区，减少查询范围。
2、MyISAM性能总体占优，但是不支持事务处理、外键约束等。
