mysql 利用binlog增量备份,还原实例
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[root@BlackGhost mysql]# cat /tmp/add.sql // 下面是根据mysql-bin生成的文件(部分内容)/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;DELIMITER /*!*/;# at 4#100929 21:23:52 server id 1 end_log_pos 106 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.1.50-log created 100929 21:23:52 at startup# Warning: this binlog was not closed properly. Most probably mysqld crashed writing it.ROLLBACK/*!*/;BINLOG '6D2jTA8BAAAAZgAAAGoAAAABAAQANS4xLjUwLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADoPaNMEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAUwAEGggAAAAICAgC'/*!*/;# at 106#100929 21:29:35 server id 1 end_log_pos 134 IntvarSET INSERT_ID=16/*!*/;# at 134#100929 21:29:35 server id 1 end_log_pos 237 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0use test/*!*/; //这里是test数据库SET TIMESTAMP=1285766975/*!*/;SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=1/*!*/;SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=1, @@session.unique_checks=1/*!*/;SET @@session.sql_mode=0/*!*/;SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;insert into aa(name)values('cccccccccc')/*!*/;# at 237#100929 21:32:21 server id 1 end_log_pos 265 IntvarSET INSERT_ID=12/*!*/;# at 265#100929 21:32:21 server id 1 end_log_pos 370 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1285767141/*!*/;insert into user(name)values('cccccccccc')/*!*/;# at 370#100929 21:35:25 server id 1 end_log_pos 440 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1285767325/*!*/;BEGIN/*!*/;# at 440#100929 21:35:25 server id 1 end_log_pos 468 IntvarSET INSERT_ID=45/*!*/;# at 468#100929 21:35:25 server id 1 end_log_pos 573 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0use blog/*!*/; //这里是blog数据库SET TIMESTAMP=1285767325/*!*/;insert into city(CityName)values('asdf')/*!*/;# at 573#100929 21:35:25 server id 1 end_log_pos 600 Xid = 205COMMIT/*!*/;DELIMITER ;# End of log fileROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;?下面还有一个重要索引文件就是mysql-bin.index
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# cat mysql-bin.index ./mysql-bin.000001 ./mysql-bin.000002 ./mysql-bin.000003 ./mysql-bin.000004 ./mysql-bin.000005 ./mysql-bin.000006
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四,增量备份和增量还原
1,增量备份
既然我们知道了,mysql里面新增加的数据在mysql-bin这样的文件里面,我们只要把mysql-bin这样的文件进行备份就可以了。
cp /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin* /data/mysql_newbak/
2,增量还原,讲几个常用的,比较有用的
a),根据时间来还原 –start-date,–stop-date
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog –start-date=”2010-09-29 18:00:00″ –stop-date=”2010-09-29 23:00:00″ /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002 |mysql -u root -p
根据条件看一下数据
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-date="2010-09-29 18:00:00"--stop-date="2010-09-29 23:00:00" /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002//下面是部分内容,其实也就是一些对数据进行操作的sql语句# at 237#100929 21:32:21 server id 1 end_log_pos 265 IntvarSET INSERT_ID=12/*!*/;# at 265#100929 21:32:21 server id 1 end_log_pos 370 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1285767141/*!*/;insert into user(name)values('cccccccccc')/*!*/;# at 370#100929 21:35:25 server id 1 end_log_pos 440 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1285767325/*!*/;BEGIN/*!*/;# at 440#100929 21:35:25 server id 1 end_log_pos 468 IntvarSET INSERT_ID=45/*!*/;# at 468#100929 21:35:25 server id 1 end_log_pos 573 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
b),根据起始位置来还原,–start-position,–stop-position
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog –start-position=370 –stop-position=440? /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002 |mysql -u root -p
//查看插入的内容,根a)中是一样的
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog –start-position=370 –stop-position=440? /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002
–start-position=370 –stop-position=440 这里面数字从哪儿来的呢?
# at 370
#100929 21:35:25 server id 1? end_log_pos 440 Query?? ?thread_id=1?? ?exec_time=0?? ?error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1285767325/*!*/;
上面的红色加粗的就是,一个是start-position,一个是stop-position
c),根据数据库名来进行还原 -d
在这里是小写的d,请不要把它和mysqldump中的-D搞混了。哈哈。
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog -d test? /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002
查看内容,请参考a)
d),根据数据库所在IP来分-h
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog -h 192.1681.102? /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002
查看内容,请参考a)
e),根据数据库所占用的端口来分-P
有的时候,我们的mysql用的不一定是3306端口,注意是大写的P
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog -p 13306? /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002
查看内容,请参考a)
f),根据数据库serverid来还原–server-id
在数据库的配置文件中,都有一个serverid并且同一集群中serverid是不能相同的。
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog –server-id=1? /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002
查看内容,请参考a)
注意:上面的几个例子,我都是一个一个说的,其实可以排列组合的。例如
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog –start-position=”2010-09-29 18:00:00″ -d test -h 127.0.0.1 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002 |mysql -u root -p
五,后续
增量备份的时候,有一点让人不爽,就是mysql-bin这样的文件,每启动一次mysql就会增加一些,如果你不去管他的话,时间长了,他会把你的磁盘占满。
./mysqldump –flush-logs -u root? myblog > /tmp/myblog.sql
备份myblog数据库,清除增量备份里面的有关myblog的数据
./mysqldump –flush-logs -u root? –all-databases > /tmp/alldatabase.sql
备份所有数据库,清除增量备份
mysql-bin.index的起索引作用,因为增量的数据不一定在一个mysql-bin000这样的文件里面,这个时候,我们就要根据mysql-bin.index来找mysql-bin这样的增量文件了。
如果mysql里面做了这样的配置binlog-do-db=test1,增量备份里面只会有test1这个数据库的数据