听记+口述=综合口语题目的成败关键（3）
如何看笔记做复述？
大多数学生通常是看懂并听懂了综合材料的内容，却不知在答题时间该如何看着自己的笔记表达，很是困惑、茫然。所以本章的另一个亮点是向大家介绍综合口语题有效记录笔记的方法以及如何将笔记内容展开，让同学们可以在短时间内，高效组织好语言，向考官展示自己的口语能力，取得理想的成绩!
下面以2012年01月21日的北美新托福口语考试真题中的Question 3为例，详细解析综合口语题的解题思路。
看例题，学答法
Integrated Speaking Task
Question 3 Campus Situation
Narrator: You will now read a short passage and then listen to a conversation on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.
Narrator: Begin reading now.
Reading Time: 45 Seconds
A New Policy of the Library Opening Hours Beginning this weekend, the university library will cease its 24-hours a day open policy. Instead, the library will begin closing at midnight and opening at 6:00 a.m. the following morning. This change is being made because only a small number of students study the whole night through in the library. The vast majority of students prefer to study in their dorm rooms when they must study late at night. It is hoped that the move will cut labor and energy costs. To the small number of students who might be inconvenienced, we apologize. |
Narrator: Now hear a conversation about the same topic.
The man expresses his opinion about the university’s decision to close the library at midnight. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion. Preparation Time: 30 Seconds Response Time: 60 Seconds |
解题思路
1. 45 秒阅读短文
短文多为学校通知或布告，有时则是学生写给校方的建议书。重点一般在标题或前两句话中，暗示或说明主旨，后面则是这些提议背后的原因，常为两个，有时也会有一个或三个原因。
A New Policy of the Library Opening Hours
Beginning this weekend, the university library will cease its 24-hours a day open policy (标题和文章开头说明学校的提议是什么). Instead, the library will begin closing at midnight and opening at 6:00 a.m. the following morning. This change is being made because only a small number of students (原因1) study the whole night through in the library. The vast majority of students prefer to study in their dorm rooms when they must study late at night. It is hoped that the move will cut labor and energy costs (原因2). To the small number of students who might be inconvenienced, we apologize.
阅读时，显示屏上会出现倒计时器，显示剩余时间。在45秒内，可记下如下笔记：
uni → ×lib~ mid-nite ∵ ↓ stu → nite & schl →↓ $ → erg & lbr |
阅读时间结束时，短文会从屏幕上消失，然后出现两个学生对话的图片。接着，电脑会有声音提示考生听两个学生的对话，然后会开始播放对话录音。
2. 听对话，把握学生对学校通知的态度
大多数情况下，对话的两个学生中只有一个人对学校的提议持鲜明的观点并给出两个理由来支持自己的观点。一旦找到了那个观点强烈的学生，另外一个学生的话可以忽略。本题对话如下（黑体部分为听记重点）：
[Conversation]
W: Hi, George, you look angry.
M: I am! I just found out the library is closing at midnight.
W: I wouldn’t know. I’m always asleep long before then.
M: Well, those of us who actually study NEED the library open 24 hours. Most people do research papers late at night. We need the library to stay open so we can find reference books and materials immediately.
W: Yeah, you never do any paper until the last night before it’s due.
M: That’s because I have to do a part-time job in the day. The only time I have for study is late evening. That means I can only look at journals when it’s late. By midnight, I’m just really getting started.
W: Yeah, you may have a point there.
M: Besides, if the school wants to save money on energy, they can just leave the first floor open at night. That’s where all the reference books and journals are. That way they can afford to have less staff on duty, too.
W: Well, you better hurry. You’ve got less than three hours till the library closes for the night!
在听录音的过程中，可记下如下笔记：
m × 1) stu → rsch ppr / nite ∴ need lib → ref~ + he works / day, need lib → study 2) schl → ↓ $, if open 1st flr / nite |
3. 听问题，准备回答
对话结束后，屏幕上会出现问题，同时会有声音将问题读出来。之后，声音还会告诉考生何时准备、何时开始作答。准备时间为30秒，回答时间为60秒，屏幕上都会显示倒计时。
4. 30秒准备
30秒的准备时间虽然不长，但可以将笔记整理一下，或看着笔记练习口述答案。你也许说不完，但可以说个大概，为随后的60秒答题做好准备。
5. 60秒答题
很多同学看着笔记无法展开，不能做到瞬间将答案脱口而出，而频繁地停顿则会导致口述不连贯，发音不清晰，从而影响成绩。ETS的考官非常看重口述的流畅度和清晰度，如果在回答每道题目时都出现几次停顿，成绩则会降至22~24分。因此，多次参加考试却依然无法突破24分的同学，你的问题应该是口述不够流畅，发音不够清晰。
本书将逐句向考生展示每一道题的笔记是如何展开成句的。请同学们仔细体会：
Reading (Topic) | l uni → ×lib~ mid-nite The university has planned to close the library at midnight, l ∵ ↓ stu → nite & schl →↓ $ → erg & lbr …because few students study overnight in the library and the school can save some money on energy and labor. |
Listening (Opinion)
(Reason 1)
(Reason 2)
| l m × The man thinks that this policy is a bad idea. l 1) stu → rsch ppr /nite Most students do most of their research papers late at night. l ∴ need lib → ref~ As a result, they need access to library reference materials and journals. l + he works / day, need lib → study In addition, he has to work during the day and needs to study in the library at night. l 2) schl → ↓ $, if open 1st flr / nite The school can still save money on labor and energy if they only keep the library’s first floor open. |
接下来，便可以将笔记转化成如下符合题目要求、逻辑清晰、语言流畅的回答：
Topic
| The university has planned to close the library at midnight, because few students study overnight in the library and the school can save some money on energy and labor. |
Opinion | The man thinks that this policy is a bad idea. |
Reason 1
| First, he claims that most students, in fact, do most of their research papers late at night. As a result, they need access to library reference materials and journals. In addition, he has to work during the day and needs to study in the library at night. |
Reason 2 | He also argues that the school can still save money on labor and energy if they only keep the library’s first floor open. |
本题的答题模板（如上文黑体所示）思路清晰，流畅地串联了整个回答。
先描述学校的提议以及理由：The university has planned to… because 原因1)…and 原因2)…
如果理由没有找到可以不说，直接说：According to the reading, the university has planned to...
再点明学生的态度：The man thinks that this policy is a bad idea. 以此作为阅读和对话部分之间的自然过渡。
接下来分别论述该学生所提出的原因：First, he claims that… He also argues that…
编辑推荐：
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