3月最全GMAT语法机经整理(2)
考到such…..that
1) so/such...that...表示结果，可以用在单一主谓结构中，也可以用在复杂主谓结构中，不用考虑逻辑主语。such 后一般不加抽象名词.
特别说明：so/such...as to...表示结果，用于单一主谓结构中，逻辑主语等于句子主语，即句子主语可以执行as to 后动词的动作。such后一般不加抽象名词.
2) so that状语从句: 从句中出现情态动词, so that表示目的;从句中没有出现情态动词，so that表示结果。such that状语从句;表示结果。so / such that 从句不用考虑逻辑主语. So that 不能修饰名词短语
Such...that such 后加被修饰的名次
特别说明：so as to 可以表示目的也可以表示结果，用于单一主谓结构中，逻辑主语等于句子主语，即句子主语可以执行as to后动词的动作。so as to修饰动词。so...as的搭配只用在否定句中, So…as to 后一般不加被动语态
原始29：
203. (GWD-9-Q26)
Growing evidence that coastal erosion occurs continuously, not in just such calamitous bursts like hurricanes, has led scientists and planners to urge a stringent new approach to limiting development along the nation's shoreline.
A. coastal erosion occurs continuously, not in just such calamitous bursts like hurricanes, has
B. coastal erosion occurs continuously, not just in calamitous bursts such as hurricanes, has
C. coastal erosion is continuously occurring, not in just calamitous bursts like hurricanes, having
D. there is continuous coastal erosion, not just in calamitous bursts such as hurricanes, which has (B)
E. there is continuous coastal erosion occurring, not in just such calamitous bursts like hurricanes, has
题目释义：growing evidence that....,..., has...
考点：
习惯用语
1. such as固定搭配;such… like搭配错误
2. there be用法
选项分析：
A. such...as，表示举例不能用like
B. Correct。
C. such...as，表示举例不能用like;缺少谓语动词;is continuously occurring，现在进行时与continuously重复。
D. 全句缺少谓语动词;由于后面的has，本句里面which是跳跃插入语修饰erosion的。
E. such...as，表示举例不能用like;occurring与there is矛盾，is occuring与continuous重复。
补充说明：
关于there be：
1. there be用于陈述事物客观存在。
2. there be句型不与现在进行时搭配，这个句型本身就暗含了正在进行的含义
3. 在正式文体特别是文学中，There be句式中的be也可以用其它意义的动词或词组取代。它们通常是：exist, live, stand等表示存在或位置的动词;come, go, run, walk等表示运动或方向的动词以及certain to be, sure to be, appear to be, happen to be等词组。这种there存在句的谓语动词的人称、数的形式与主语须保持一致。例如：
4. 在GMAT中，there be句型极少，因为这种表示存在状态的句型往往不能准确地表达出动作的施受对象，或者不够简洁。从简洁和有效上说，there be+ 形容词转化的名词=形容词，there be+动词转化的名词=动词，there be统统不简洁。
有一道题是什么XXbooks, Xbooks, the works of B include plays…and…什么的，考前面book和works的对应，还有works包括books, plays,等平行，不难
原始31：
人类和大象老争夺地盘的题，其中注意代词they指代要指大象
原始32：
有道题考到and, as well as along with
关于动名词的平行
OG12-130
One view of the economy contends that a large drop in oil prices should eventually lead to lowering interest rates, as well as lowering fears about inflation, a rally in stocks and bonds, and a weakening of the dollar.
(A) lowering interest rates, as well as lowering fears about inflation,
(B) a lowering of interest rates and of fears about inflation,
(C) a lowering of interest rates, along with fears about inflation,
(D) interest rates being lowered, along with fears about inflation,
(E) interest rates and fears about inflation being lowered, with
key： B
230. (GWD-8-Q32)
At the annual stockholders meeting, investors heard a presentation on the numerous challenges facing the company, including among them the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the declining sales for the company’s powerful microprocessor chip.
A. including among them the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the declining sales for
B. which includes the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and declining sales of
C. included among these the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit as well as a decline in sales for
D. among them the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of (D)
E. among these the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit as well as the decline in sales for
题目释义：…, investors heard a presentation on the numerous challenges …, among them …and….
考点：
简洁有效 代词指代 习惯用语
1. 简洁有效，include与among意思重复。
2. 代词指代，GMAT中为避免指代的歧义与模糊，this/that/these/those通常都不单独指代(注意有例外，具体见补充说明)。
3. 习惯用语：
sales of正确，意思为“xx的销量”，没有sales for一说。
threat of +抽象概念(xx的威胁)，threat from+sb.(来自某人的威胁)
选项分析：
A. ① include与among them意思重复;②尾三词的sales for不是正确的习惯用语，只有sales of;③ threat of +抽象概念，threat from+sb，suit是抽象概念，所以应该用threat of;④declining sales for应为decline in sales of…才能和前面的the threat of 逻辑含义上平行àboth are unfavorable things。
B. 定语从句中谓语动词用了单数形式includes，所以which就近修饰了company，逻辑错误;同A的④。
C. 同A的②③④;among these错误，these不能做direct object，应该用among them;as well as错误，两件平行的事情被分了主次。
D. Correct;平行对称很完美，两组”the [abstract notion] of [concrete business/law concept]”的平行;在本题中including和among them都可以用，但是不能同时使用，否则重复。
E. 同A的②③;among these错误，these不能做direct object，应该用among them;as well as错误，两件平行的事情被分了主次。
补充说明：
1. among them the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of的结构分析：
倒装形式的独立主格结构，实际上是the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of the company’s powerful microprocessor chip among them,倒装可以避免头重脚轻，更重要的是among them中的them离其指代对象challenges更近。
独立主格：among them A and B相当于A and B among them，A and B被倒装移到了后面，是”名词+介词”形式的独立主格。
2. 关于these的单独指代
prep1-34正确答案:
Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.
其中these指代endorphins。
OG11-115 错误答案(原句):
George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these with sympathy and respect in her novels.
错误原因“A To be is unnecessary; these must be replaced by them”
相关解释：
(1) these不能作direct object(直接宾语)，34中的these是主语, 不是直接宾语
(2) they指代前面出现的对象，these指代离它最近的对象，指代都要满足逻辑符合，主谓一致的要求
综上，prep1-34中用了these是可以的。而本题中these是做among的直接宾语，所以不妥。
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