答案解析
Prep2012-Pack1-CR-036 VCR002665 Medium
Reasoning
What must be true in order for the given information to justify the conclusion that the proposed change in tax laws would force charities and schools to reduce services or dose down? The passage states only one premise: that the change would deny wealthy individuals tax deductions for contributing to charities and schools. To reach the conclusion from this premise, the argument implicitly assumes that denying the wealthy individuals the tax deductions would reduce their contributions to many charities and schools; that reduced contributions from wealthy individuals would reduce overall revenues for many charities and schools; and that reduced revenues would force many charities and schools to reduce services or close down. Consider the answer options and find one that states or follows from one of these assumptions.
A. Correct. This follows from the first implicit assumption mentioned above, that denying wealthy individuals the tax deductions would reduce their contributions to many charities and schools.
B. This need not be true. Even if all charities and schools get some money from sources other than these contributions, many charities and schools might still depend mainly on the contributions.
C. The argument does not address the motives behind the proposed change, only its likely effects.
D. Even if poorer individuals also donate money to these institutions, the bulk of the donations may come from wealthy individuals.
E. The argument does not discuss how the tax laws should be changed, only the likely effects of the proposed change.
The correct answer is A.
Prep2012-Pack1-CR-037 VCR002883 Medium
Reasoning
What additional evidence would make it least likely that the proposed tax would significantly slow the deterioration of
Birangi’s air quality? The politicians and the experts agree that the tax would halt the increase in the number of automobiles on Birangi’s roads. They disagree on whether it would also help prevent air quality from worsening.
Consider the answer options and find one supporting the experts’ contention that the tax would not help prevent air quality from worsening, even though it would prevent the number of automobiles from increasing.
A. This suggests that reducing the number of automobiles would help prevent air quality from worsening, contrary to the experts’ contention.
B. An expanded nonpolluting commuter rail system would further reduce the number of automobiles on the roads and hence the amount of air pollution, contrary to the experts’ contention.
C. The lower the current tax is, the more impact the 50% tax would probably have both on the number of automobiles and on air pollution, contrary to the experts’ contention.
D. Correct. Since the tax would discourage purchases of new automobiles, it would gradually increase the average age of Birangi automobiles and hence the average amount of pollution they produce, counteracting the reduction in pollution from having fewer vehicles on the roads.
E. The tax would probably result in fewer vehicles being scrapped, but even if the reduction in scrapping of vehicles would not have a major impact on air pollution, preventing the number of vehicles on the road from increasing still could. Therefore, this does not support the experts’ contention.
The correct answer is D.
Prep2012-Pack1-CR-038 VCR002878 Medium
Reasoning
What would provide the strongest justification for the newspaper publishers’ prediction? Only 10 percent of
Domoricans in their twenties read a newspaper regularly, while more than half of all Domoricans over thirty do 50.
Yet pubfishers predict that in ten years’ time, the percentage of Domoricans who regularly read newspapers will be no lower.
A. The argument is focused on percentages of Domorican age segments, not on the absolute numbers in each age segment. It is not surprising that more Domoricans are over thirty than are in their twenties, even though those in their twenties constitute a large proportion of the population.
B. This indicates that the range of newspaper choices has expanded in recent decades. But it gives no reason to support a prediction about future Domorican newspaper reading practices over the next ten years.
C. Correct. This indicates that the 10 percent figure for those in their twenties, in contrast to those over thirty, is merely the continuation of an existing pattern and therefore provides no reason to think that the proportion of
Domoricans regularly reading newspapers will diminish over the next ten years.
D. Presumably the same definition would apply in the context of the prediction; therefore, this answer option does nothing to justify the prediction.
E. If anything, this information undermines the prediction, if it is assumed that a trend over the last twenty years continues for the next ten years.
The correct answer is C.
