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浅谈四六级写作的“七项基本原则”
下文记录了2010年新版GRE样题分析,祝考生知己知彼 百战百胜。
Text Completion Questions 段落完成问题(段落完型填空)
Text Completion questions include a passage composed of one to five sentences with one to three blanks. There are three answer choices per blank, or five answer choices if there is a single blank. There is a single correct answer, consisting of one choice for each blank. The examinee receives no credit for partially correct answers.
段落完型部分包括一个段落含有1至5个问题，每个问题有1至3个空格。每个空格(空格数量在两个以上)有3个备选答案，而对于空格数量者则有5个备选答案。每空只有一个正确答案。考生只有将所有答案做对该题才得分，即：空格在两个以上者不分开计分。
Sample Text Completion Questions 段落完型样题
Directions: For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
答题指令：请在每个空格相应的栏目中选取能最好完善短文的备选答案。
1. It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human activities on climate and biodiversity, this author does not permit them to (2)__________ his comprehensive description of what we know about our biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (3)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet.
Blank (1)
Blank (2)
Blank (3)
overshadowed
enhance
plausibility of our hypotheses
invalidated
obscure
certainty of our entitlement
illuminated
underscore
superficiality of our theories
Answer choices for question 1.
Answer: overshadowed, obscure, and superficiality of our theories
第一空线索：
读某本书能带来refreshing效果，则表明这本书作者写作的效果就是有让我们refreshing的效果或者预期。所以，他“does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics”不会让政治“politics”对这本书作什么作用呢?当然是不会让政治使其破坏这本书“refreshing”的特点。则，第一空从正负就可以将illuminated排除。具体选择“overshadowed”“invalidated”还要参看第二空。
第二空线索：
第二空线索说作者不允许them怎样。往前寻找them指代，很容易发现：them就是politics。这样一来，马上可以看到这样的重复：
an author who does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics
= this author does not permit them to (2)__________
都是说作者不允许政治对书做怎样的动作。则两空是同义重复。又由于第一空推出动作是负面的。故两空都是负面的。则第二空是obscure, 而第一空也就只能是overshadow。
第三空线索：
实际上是三个并列重复，同时和一个分词构成手段和目的重复。
He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (3)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood
即：
the enormous gaps in our knowledge,
=the sparseness of our observations,
=(and) the (3)__________,
=calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood
可以推断空格应该填写一个负面评价。
2. Vain and prone to violence, Caravaggio could not handle success: the more his (1)__________ as an artist increased, the more (2)__________ his life became.
Blank (1)
Blank (2)
temperance
tumultuous
notoriety
providential
eminence
dispassionate
Answer choices for question 2.
Answer: eminence and tumultuous
句子很简单，逻辑也很清晰。冒号引出解释关系。已知部分说Caravaggio具有如下特点：Vain(1) and prone to violence(2)，could not handle success(3);则后面也要重复这两个特点。则后面the more …, the more所引导的内容也应该是重复这两个特点。两空都应该是负面词汇且重复Vain(1) ， prone to violence(2)，could not handle success(3)。则答案就是eminence(-)=tumultuous(-)。
一个人虚荣，行为易倾向于狂暴，不能善待自己的成功;则越成功越易疯狂激动。
1 2 下一页 尾页
3. The author's (1)__________ style renders a fascinating subject, the role played by luck in everyday life, extraordinarily (2)__________.
Blank (1)
Blank (2)
soporific
pedantic
lucid
tedious
colloquial
opaque
Answer choices for question 3.
Answer: soporific and tedious
第一空线索：作者怎样风格描绘了主体。插入语描述主体特点是the role played by luck in everyday life。
第二空线索：评价作者对subject描述具有怎样特点。应该和第一空呼应。即两空是同义词。
即是soporific=tedious。
4. From the outset, the concept of freedom of the seas from the proprietary claims of nations was challenged by a contrary notion — that of the _______ of the oceans for reasons of national security and profit.
promotion
exploration
surveying
conservation
appropriation
Answer choices for question 4.
Answer: appropriation
句子来自92国内题目。但是选项不同。
A promotion
B exploration
C surviving
D conservation
E enclosure
(1)主干是：the concept … was challenged by a contrary notion;即：the concept <> notion
(2)由“of”引出的“the concept”的具体内容：freedom of the seas from the proprietary claims of nations，海洋独立于国家所有权。则notion 应该说：海洋应该隶属国家所有权。
所以答案就是appropriation。和原来题目相比，不过就是把单词替换了一下。由此可见，这个改革貌似也不过如此，没有什么技术含量。
Sentence Equivalence Questions句子平衡问题
Sentence Equivalence questions consist of a single sentence, one blank, and six answer choices. These questions require the examinee to select two of the answer choices. The examinee receives no credit for partially correct answers.
句子平衡问题包含一个句子，一个空格，6个选项。要求考生在其中选出2个答案。只选出一个答案不得分。
Sample Sentence Equivalence Questions 句子平衡问题样题
Directions: Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
答题指令：选择
1. Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as __________.
A. orthodox
B. eccentric
C. original
D. trifling
E. conventional
F. innovative
Answer: C and F
句子很简单。“although”引出一个转折关系逻辑。前面说有一些“pioneering ideas”，后面则应该否定“pioneering ideas”。否定已经由hardly表达出来。所以空格应该填写“pioneering ideas”。答案即是C、F。
2. The corporation expects only _______ increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business.
A. dynamic
B. predictable
C. expanding
D. modest
E. slight
F. volatile
Answer: D and E
“despite”引出相反逻辑重复。后面说这个公司准备了很久了。正常情况下应该是很大的经济增长。转折后说增长很少即可。答案就是D&E。
题目来自no 9的题目。同样将选项单词做了一下变化。其中答案单词modest没替换，还加入了同义单词slight。原题目如下：
The corporation expects only __ increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business.
A unquestionable
B sequential
C modest
D exaggerated
E groundless
