下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近He was a very cute boy but now he seems to have no interest in anything.
A) clever B) honest
C) brave D) dull
标准答案：a
2、 Data from Voyager II have presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists.
A) problem B) mystery
C) question D) point
标准答案：b
3、 The film originated from a short story.
A) resulted B)derived
C) heard D)made
标准答案：b
4、 After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour.
A) walk B) rest
C) bath D) breath
标准答案：a
5、 This is a subject that has now moved into the political domain.
A) extent B) zone
C) area D) competition
标准答案：c
6、 She is noted for her generous contribution for the relief of the poor.
A) charged B) accused
C) famous D) responsible
标准答案：c
7、 He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee.
A) spread B) open
C) show D) examine
标准答案：c
8、 You startled me when you shouted.
A) threatened B) frightened
C) interrupted D) troubled
标准答案：b
9、 It is said the houses along this street will soon be demolished.
A)pulled down B) pulled up
C) pulled off D) pulled in
标准答案：a
10、 She tried to probe my mind and discover what I was thinking.
A) solved B) explored
C) involved D) exploded
标准答案：b
11、 The parents have to restrain their daughter from running out into the street.
A)disallow B) reduce
C) prevent D) confine
标准答案：c
12、 He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.
A) despair B) difficulties
C) need D) danger
标准答案：d
13.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.
A) shaken B) fallen
C) damaged D) trembled
标准答案：c
14、 Thick clouds obscured the stars from view.
A)darkened B) held
C) blackened D)prevent
标准答案：d
15、 The river was contaminated with waste.
A) blackened B) polluted
C) widened D) mixed
标准答案：b
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Spare a Kidney?
It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one, but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend, a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998.
There are many reasons. First, it's possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. (The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.) In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly. But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision, and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks.
Just because you do something, however, it doesn't mean you should. Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk. You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly can't pretend that you're better off with one kidney instead of two.
So, what are the risks? "As with any major operation, there is a chance of dying, of reoperation due to bleeding, of infection, of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision," says Dr. Arthur Matas, director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000.
There's no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. But the recipient's insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare. Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability.
Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donor's suitability, it never hurts to have an independent opinion. The most common contraindications are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Never let anyone, not even a close relative, pressure you into giving up an organ -- no matter if you're healthy. "There's often the feeling that you're not a good friend, father, mother if you don't do this," says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvania's center for Bioethics. Some transplant centers will invent a "medical problem" on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can't say no.
1. From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 244.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. One of the reasons why the number of kidney donors has risen is that one is better off with one kidney instead of two.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3.Yo don't have to be dead to donate a kidney, but you had better know the risks before you give it up.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. None of the Americans who donates a kidney during the period lasting from 1994 to 1998 died from the procedure.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
标准答案：B,B,A,C
解 析：1. B.该题是细节题。借助题干中的黑体词作为答案线索，这样在第一段找到直接答案相关句，判断问题句的说法错误。因为原文是说“捐赠肾脏的人数在1994年是68人，而到了1998年就增加到了176人”，与问题句中说的“从1994年到1998年捐赠肾脏的人数达到了244人”不一致。
2. B.借助常识判断该句的说法不合理，所以可以直接判断“错误”。如果借助原文， 利用题干中出现的“reasons， better off， with one kidney instead of two”作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly can't pretend that you're better off with one kidney instead of two. 该句说“你不能假称有一只肾脏比有两只肾脏更好”，显然该句的说法与问题句的说法不一致。
3. A.该句凭借常识判断说法正确，因此答案可能是“正确”或“没提到”。借助题干中的risks作为答案线索词，找到答案相关句：Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk. ..So, what are the risks? .. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000.该划线句尤其是在用数字表述死于肾脏移植的风险率，因此文章中涉及到risks的句子所暗示的含义与问题句的说法一致。
4. C.借助题干中的from 1994 to 1998作为答案线索词，这样发现文章中涉及到from 1994 to 1998的句子中并没有提到有多少人死于捐献手术中。所以判断该问题句为“没提到”。
17、 5. No one sells organs in the U.S. since it is illegal.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. People with heart disease, diabetes and high pressure are not suitable for kidney donation.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. Some transplant centers invent "medical problems" to cheat potential kidney donors.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
标准答案：C,A,B
解 析：5. C.根据常识判断该问题句的说法太绝对，很可能是错误的，利用题干中的illegal作为答案线索词，这样在第5段发现了“illegal”一词(There's no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. )，但并没有提到在美国有没有人卖器官。
6. A.利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样在第6段中找到直接答案相关句(The most common contraindications(禁忌征候) are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.) ，该句的含义与题干的说法一致。
7. B.利用题干中的"medical problems"作为答案线索词，这样文章最后一句中找到直接答案相关句(Some transplant centers will invent a "medical problem" on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can't say no.)，判断该句的说法与问题句的说法不一致： 原文说“编造‘医学问题’的原因是为了替那些不愿捐赠的人保住面子”而不是问题句中所说的“欺骗可能进行肾脏捐赠的人”
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Spare a Kidney?
It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one, but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend, a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998.
There are many reasons. First, it's possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. (The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.) In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly. But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision, and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks.
Just because you do something, however, it doesn't mean you should. Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk. You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly can't pretend that you're better off with one kidney instead of two.
So, what are the risks? "As with any major operation, there is a chance of dying, of reoperation due to bleeding, of infection, of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision," says Dr. Arthur Matas, director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000.
There's no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. But the recipient's insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare. Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability.
Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donor's suitability, it never hurts to have an independent opinion. The most common contraindications are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Never let anyone, not even a close relative, pressure you into giving up an organ -- no matter if you're healthy. "There's often the feeling that you're not a good friend, father, mother if you don't do this," says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvania's center for Bioethics. Some transplant centers will invent a "medical problem" on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can't say no.
1. From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 244.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. One of the reasons why the number of kidney donors has risen is that one is better off with one kidney instead of two.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3.Yo don't have to be dead to donate a kidney, but you had better know the risks before you give it up.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. None of the Americans who donates a kidney during the period lasting from 1994 to 1998 died from the procedure.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
标准答案：B,B,A,C
解 析：1. B.该题是细节题。借助题干中的黑体词作为答案线索，这样在第一段找到直接答案相关句，判断问题句的说法错误。因为原文是说“捐赠肾脏的人数在1994年是68人，而到了1998年就增加到了176人”，与问题句中说的“从1994年到1998年捐赠肾脏的人数达到了244人”不一致。
2. B.借助常识判断该句的说法不合理，所以可以直接判断“错误”。如果借助原文， 利用题干中出现的“reasons， better off， with one kidney instead of two”作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly can't pretend that you're better off with one kidney instead of two. 该句说“你不能假称有一只肾脏比有两只肾脏更好”，显然该句的说法与问题句的说法不一致。
3. A.该句凭借常识判断说法正确，因此答案可能是“正确”或“没提到”。借助题干中的risks作为答案线索词，找到答案相关句：Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk. ..So, what are the risks? .. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000.该划线句尤其是在用数字表述死于肾脏移植的风险率，因此文章中涉及到risks的句子所暗示的含义与问题句的说法一致。
4. C.借助题干中的from 1994 to 1998作为答案线索词，这样发现文章中涉及到from 1994 to 1998的句子中并没有提到有多少人死于捐献手术中。所以判断该问题句为“没提到”。
17、 5. No one sells organs in the U.S. since it is illegal.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. People with heart disease, diabetes and high pressure are not suitable for kidney donation.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. Some transplant centers invent "medical problems" to cheat potential kidney donors.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
标准答案：C,A,B
解 析：5. C.根据常识判断该问题句的说法太绝对，很可能是错误的，利用题干中的illegal作为答案线索词，这样在第5段发现了“illegal”一词(There's no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. )，但并没有提到在美国有没有人卖器官。
6. A.利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样在第6段中找到直接答案相关句(The most common contraindications(禁忌征候) are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.) ，该句的含义与题干的说法一致。
7. B.利用题干中的"medical problems"作为答案线索词，这样文章最后一句中找到直接答案相关句(Some transplant centers will invent a "medical problem" on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can't say no.)，判断该句的说法与问题句的说法不一致： 原文说“编造‘医学问题’的原因是为了替那些不愿捐赠的人保住面子”而不是问题句中所说的“欺骗可能进行肾脏捐赠的人”
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第1篇
The best way to reduce your weight
You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat.An you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing.Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.”
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective.but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.
The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.
词汇：
obese adj.肥胖的
metabolic adj.新陈代谢的
psychiatric adj.精神病的
练习：
1. What determines your weight?
A)Your working manner.
B)Your eating habit.
C)Your life style.
D)Your genes.
2.What did Jules Hirsch do in his study?
A)He let the eight fat people skip supper.
B)He let the eight fat people skip breakfast.
C)He let the eight fat people run every mornin8 and evening.
D)He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.
3.What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?
A)They went mad.
B)They killed themselves.
C)They were back to normal weight.
D)They attempted suicide
4.What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do?
A)Battle their genetic inheritance.
B)Increase their weight.
C)Stay at home.
D)Lower their weight.
5. What did scientists think was true?
A)Each person has a fixed weight range.
B)Each person has a weight range of 9 kg.
C)Each person wants to control his weight.
D)Each person wants to eat to his heart's content.
标准答案：D,D,C,B,A
解 析：1.D. 细节题。利用被选项中的细节信息结构(A：working manner; B: eating habit; C: life style; D: genes)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat.An you ever do is eat(选项B中eating的家族词汇).”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing. Your genes(基因)，not your life habits(习惯)，determine your weight(问题句中的核心结构) and your body constantly (不断地，经常地)tries to maintain(保持，维修， 主张) it.
答案相关句说：你的基因而不是你的生活习惯决定了你的体重，因此你的身体总是试图保持它。因此D是答案。
2. D。 细节题。利用问题句中的特征词(Jules Hirsch)， 被选项中的共有结构(eight fat people)及被选相中的一些细节信息词及特征结构(A: supper; B: breakfast; C: every morning and evening; D: liquid formula, 600 calories )共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research(研究) physician(医生)at Rockefeller University, did a study(研究) of eight fat people. They were given (被给)a liquid formula (流食配方)providing 600 calories a day1. After more than(超过) 10 weeks，the subjects(研究对象) lost 45kg on average(平均).But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
答案相关句说“八个肥胖者被给予一种流食配方，每天提供600热卡”，因此D是答案。
3.C. 细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息结构(eight fat people， hospital)及被选项中的细节信息结构(C：normal weight; D: suicide)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
(第3段) How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective.but the health costs are tremendous.(第2题答案相关句)Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than (超过)10 weeks，the subjects(研究对象， 主题，学科， 受...影响的) lost(失去， 输(比赛)) 45kg (4.5公斤???)on average(平均).(第4句)But after leaving the hospital，they all regained(恢复).The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal(是选项D中的细节信息词的家族词汇).They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight(选项C中的细节信息词)，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
(第4段) Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got (说服)prisoners(犯人) to volunteer to (自愿...)gain weight(增肥， 体重增加) .In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But(但是) months after the study ended(结束)，they were back to(恢复到) normal(正常的) weight and stayed停留在那里 there.
根据第3段中答案相关句的内容判断：这八个肥胖者出院后都恢复到了正常的体重。
4.B. 细节题。 利用问题句中的特征词(Ethan Sims)及被选项中的细节信息结构(A：genetic(遗传的) inheritance; B：Increase (增加)their weight; C：Stay(逗留，保持) at home; D：Lower(降低) their weight)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
(第4段)Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims(问题句中的特征词)，of the University of Vermont，got(说服，使, 变成， 获得) prisoners(犯人) to volunteer to (自愿)gain weight(与选项B中的细节信息结构呼应).In four to six months，they ate as much as they could(尽可能地...).They succeeded in (成功地)increasing their weight(与选项B中的细节信息结构呼应) by(了) 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
(第5段)This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance (选项A中的细节信息结构)if they want to significantly lower their weight(与选项D中的细节信息结构呼应).
第4段中的答案相关句说：让犯人自愿增加体重。可见B是正确的答案。
5.A. 细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息词(Scientists)和备选项A和备选项B中的共有词(weight range)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
(第4段)Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.(第4题答案相关句)Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.
The findings (发现)also provide(提供) evidence(证据， 迹象)for something scientists (科学家)thought was true (正确的， 真实的， 忠诚的) --- each person has a comfortable(舒适的) weight range .The range might be as much as(大约)9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort. But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.
答案相关句(最后一段的第一句话)说：结论还证实了科学家认为是正确的一点，即每个人的体重有大约9公斤的一个固定范围.因此A是答案。
第2篇
Fruit and vegetables juices as beneficial to health as fruits and veggies1
A European study has revealed that 100 percent fruit and vegetable juices are as effective as their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts in reducing risk factors related to certain diseases. The conclusion is the result of the study designed to question traditional thinking that 100 percent juices play a less significant role in reducing risk for both cancer and cardiovascular disease than whole fruits and vegetables.
Juices are comparable in their ability to reduce risk compared to2 their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts, according to several researchers in the United Kingdom who conducted the literature review. The researchers analyzed a variety of studies that looked at risk reduction attributed to3 the effects of both fiber and antioxidants. As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer come not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables.4
“When considering cancer and coronary heart disease5 prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables,” the researchers said. The researchers added that the positioning of juices as being nutritionally inferior to6 whole fruits and vegetables in relationship to chronic disease development is “unjustified” and that policies, which suggest otherwise about fruit and vegetable juices, should be re-examined.
The researchers who authored the paper suggest that more studies in certain area are needed to bolster their findings. “Although this independent review of the literature is not designed to focus on any particular 100 percent juice, it does go a long way7 in demonstrating that fruit and vegetable juices do play an important role in reducing the risk of various diseases, especially cancer and cardiovascular disease,” said Sue Taylor. Her opinion is in agreement with8 the Juice Products Association,9 a non-profit organization not associated with this research. She added that appropriate amounts of juices should be included in the diet of both children and adults, following guidelines established by leading health authorities. Taylor also points to a large epidemiological study, published in the September 2006 issue of the Journal of Medicine, which found that consumption of a variety of 100 percent fruit and vegetable juices was associated with a reduced risk for Alzheimer’s disease.10
In fact, that study found that individuals who drank three or more servings of fruit and vegetable juices per week had a 76 percent lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease than those who drank juice less than once per week. The study was published in the International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition11 (2006).
词汇：
counterpart n. 对应的人或物
cardiovascular adj. 心血管的
comparable adj. ( ~ to/with ) 可与…相比的，比得上…的
fiber ( = fibre ) n. 纤维
antioxidant ( = antioxygen ) n. 抗氧化剂
coronary adj. 冠状的
position n.位置 vt. 安排，安置;定位
nutritionally adv. 营养上
inferior adj. 低等的，劣等的。次的
bolster vt. 支持，支撑
non-profit adj. 不营利的，非营利性的
epidemiologic(al) adj. 流行病学的
serving n. 一份饭菜
注释：
1. veggie ( = veggy ) ：蔬菜( = vegetable )。也可指“素食者”( = vegetarian )。
2. compared to：如果与…比较起来的话。这是一个过去分词短语，作条件状语。另外，美国英语中compare to也有compare with的意思。
3. attributed to：被认为是…的结果。此过去分词短语是risk reduction的定语。attribute sth. to…：把…归因于…，认为…是…的结果。
4. As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer come not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables. 由此他们断定，水果和蔬菜所起的积极作用不仅来自纤维，而且也来自抗氧化剂，因为无论水果还是蔬菜，其全果或汁液都含有这两种物质。这里要注意的是在语法结构上，fruits and vegetables offer是positive impact的定语从句，省略了关系代词that。
5. coronary heart disease (CHD)：冠状动脉性心脏病(冠心病)。但要注意，CHD 也可指先天性心脏病( congenital heart disease )。
6. inferior to：低于…的，次于…的，不如…的
7. it does go a long way：它的确对…有很大帮助。go a long/good way：大有帮助，很有效。此处does是起强调作用的助动词，接下来的 do play an important role中的 do也是这样。
8. in agreement with：与…一致
9. Juice Products Association：果汁产品协会
10. Alzheimer’s disease ( Alois Alzheimer )：阿尔茨海默病，早老性痴呆
11. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition：国际食品科学与营养杂志
练习：
1. What on earth in both fruits and vegetables and their juices plays the most important role in reducing risk for diseases?
A) Proteins.
B) Vitamins.
C) Carbohydrates.
D) Fiber and antioxidant.
2. The judgment that fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial to reducing chronic disease development is ________.
A) evident
B) obvious
C) incorrect
D) conclusive
3. The review of the literature has documented the important role of fruit and vegetable juices in reducing the risk of various disease, ________ in particular.
A) lung problems
B) cancer and cardiovascular disease
C) stomach and intestine disorders
D) ear, nose and throat troubles
4. A large epidemiological study also found that using various 100% fruit and vegetable juices contributed to a reduced risk for ________.
A) Alzheimer’s disease
B) inherited disease
C) infectious disease
D) blood-transmitted disease
5. People who drink 3-4 servings of fruit and vegetable juices weekly may ________ risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease ________ those who drink only once a week.
A) have twenty-three percent higher, than
B) have three quarters lower, than
C) be one hundred and twenty-three percent as high, as
D) be one hundred and seventy-six percent as high, as
标准答案：D,C,B,A,B
解 析：1.D. 细节题。 利用备选项中的细节信息词作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
(第2段)Juices are comparable in their ability to reduce risk compared to2 their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts, according to several researchers in the United Kingdom who conducted the literature review. The researchers(研究者) analyzed(分析) a variety of(各种各样的) studies(研究) that looked at (研究)risk reduction(减少) attributed to3 (被归因于...的)the effects(影响) of both fiber(纤维) and antioxidants(抗氧化剂). As a result(结果), they(指研究者) determined(确定， 决定) that the positive(积极地， 正极的) impact (影响)fruits and vegetables offer(提供) come not(不仅...而且...) from just the fiber(纤维) but also from antioxidants (抗氧化剂)which are present (出席的， 现存的)in both juice and the whole(完整的， 全部) fruits and vegetables.4
答案相关句说：降低患病危险性的作用应该归功于果汁和全果均含有的纤维和抗氧化剂。其它A、B、C三个选项文章均未提及。
2. C。 细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息词(chronic disease development)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
Juices are comparable in their ability to reduce risk compared to2 their whole fruit/vegetable counterparts, according to several researchers in the United Kingdom who conducted the literature review. (第一题答案相关句) The researchers analyzed a variety of studies that looked at risk reduction attributed to3 the effects of both fiber and antioxidants. As a result, they determined that the positive impact fruits and vegetables offer come not from just the fiber but also from antioxidants which are present in both juice and the whole fruits and vegetables.
(第3段)“When considering cancer and coronary heart disease5 prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables,” the researchers said. The researchers(研究者) added (增加， 补充说)that the positioning(决定...的位置) of juices as being nutritionally(在营养方面) inferior to (比...差)whole(整个的)fruits and vegetables in relationship to (关于， 涉及)chronic disease development is “unjustified(没有被证明是正确的)” and that policies(政策， 观点), which suggest(建议，显示) otherwise(不同地， 否则) about fruit and vegetable juices should be re-examined(再次检查).
答案相关句(第三段第二句)说：在与慢性病的发生的关系方面，认为果汁不如全果有营养的观点是“unjustified”(不正当)，也就是“不正确”( incorrect )。
3.B. 细节题。利用备选项中的细节信息词(黑色加粗字体)作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
“When considering cancer and coronary heart disease5 prevention, there is no evidence that pure fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial than whole fruit and vegetables,” the researchers said.(第2题答案相关句) The researchers added that the positioning of juices as being nutritionally inferior to6 whole fruits and vegetables in relationship to chronic disease development is “unjustified” and that policies, which suggest otherwise about fruit and vegetable juices, should be re-examined.
(第4段)The researchers who authored the paper suggest that more studies in certain area are needed to bolster their findings. “Although(尽管) this independent(独立的) review of the literature (文献评论)is not designed to (被设计用于...)focus on(关注) any particular(特别的， 详细的) 100 percent juice, it does go a long way (的确大有帮助)in(在...方面) demonstrating(证明，示范) that fruit and vegetable juices do play an important role in (在...方面起着重要的作用)reducing(减少) the risk of various(各种各样的) diseases(疾病), especially(尤其是，该词是in particular的近义词) cancer and cardiovascular disease(选项B中的线索词),” said Sue Taylor. Her opinion is in agreement with8 the Juice Products Association,9 a non-profit organization not associated with this research. She added that appropriate amounts of juices should be included in the diet of both children and adults, following guidelines established by leading health authorities. Taylor also points to a large epidemiological study, published in the September 2006 issue of the Journal of Medicine, which found that consumption of a variety of 100 percent fruit and vegetable juices was associated with a reduced risk for Alzheimer’s disease.10
答案相关句(第四段第二句)说：果汁在降低患各种疾病中的确起着重要作用，尤其是癌症和心血管疾病。这里 in particular正是especially的意思。
词汇：
malaria n. 疟疾
tuberculosis n. 结核(病)
joint adj. 联合的，共同的
suppress vt. 抑制
pregnant adj. 妊娠的，有孕的
注释：
1. HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus )：人免疫缺陷病毒
2. AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome )：获得性免疫缺陷综合征，艾滋病
3. (be / come)on the market：出售
4. Sustiva以及后面出现的Emtriva、Viread和Combivir都是治疗艾滋病药物的商品名。
5. New England Journal of Medicine：新英格兰医药杂志。New England 是美国东北六州( Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island 和 Connecticut )的总称。
6. 英国英语中compare with是“与…相比较”的意思，compare to是“把...比作...” 的意思，但在美国英语中compare to也有compare with的意思，这里就是“把...与…相比较”的意思。
7. AZT (Azidothymidine )：叠氨胸苷(能抑制引起艾滋病的人免疫缺陷病毒)
8. 3TC：拉夫米定(一种胞嘧啶核苷衍生物，能抑制乙肝病毒和人免疫缺陷病毒的逆转录酶的活性，改善肝脏组织的病变)
9. side effect：副作用
10. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)：美国食品与药品管理局
11. birth disorder：先天性疾病
练习：
1. A) conservation B) cooperation C) combinations D) considerations
2. A) simpler B) more complex C) more meaningless D) more troublesome
3. A) starting B) stopping C) ending D) discontinuing
4. A) analyzed B) examined C) explored D) developed
5. A) before B) after C) under D) above
标准答案：C,A,A,D,C
解 析：1. C 空格前句中出现了被选项C的家族词汇combine， 因此C成为答案的可能性较大(提示1：出现文章主题词或出现与文章主题词呼应的近义词/家族词汇的选项可能是答案)。如果把C填入空格中， 则空格所在的局部结构说“...被用组合药进行治疗 ”， 该结构意义通顺， 因此C是答案。
2. A 被选项A中的核心词simpler是文章主题词simplify的家族词汇， 因此A成为答案的可能性较大
3. A 被选项B， C和D在“停止”这层词义上互为近义词，因此彼此排除掉， 所以答案为A。
4. D 空格所在的句子说“他们已经...一个药丸， 该药丸把现在市场上在出售的三种药合成在一起”， 上文提到“有两家公司已经在进行把治疗艾滋病的多种药合成一种药的工作” ， 因此空格处出现“开发，研发”(D项)恰当。
5. C 这几个介词中，只有under可以与name组合成短语under the name of (“以…名，名为…”)，其它选项在这里均不合适。
考点：固定搭配短语结构(介词短语结构)。
25、 6. A) one B) ones C) other D) others
7. A) social B) technical C) personal D) historical
8. A) if B) as if C) though D) as though
9. A) that B) which C) what D) whatever
10. A) size B) shape C) appearance D) effectiveness
标准答案：D,B,A,C,D
解 析：6. D 上面提到两家公司已经开发出将多种药合成为单片的新药，Myers公司已合成了一种，Gilead公司则于2004年将其它两种Emtriva和Viread合成为单片，这里既然列出了这两种药的名称，所以就必须用“others”。
考点：上下文之间的意义关系，篇章短语结构one ... the others...一个...其他的...
7. B 空格所在的句子说“合成药不仅仅涉及到...的问题”， 根据常识判断“合成药首先应该是技术方面的问题”， 因此B(技术的)是答案。其实根据后一句的内容(合成药也涉及到竞争问题)可知只有“技术问题”能与“竞争问题”并列，由此也可以推断出B是答案
8. A 被选项B和D互为近义词， 因此彼此排除掉。 剩下的选项都可引导状语从句， 因此关注空格所在的从句与主句之间意义关系。 句子主句说“它也涉及到竞争方面的问题”， 从句说“药品由不同的厂家生产”， 显然从句与主句之间是“条件”与“结果”之间的关系， 因此if(如果)合适。
考点：状语从句
9. C the result of后面出现的应该是一个宾语从句，且空白处的连接词应该充当宾语从句的主语，首先我们可以排除that(that引导名词性从句时，that在从句中不充当任何语法成分， 仅仅起一个连接从句的作用 )和which(which引导名词性从句时， which后常常会带有一个单数的名词)，因此答案只能来自C和D。这两个选项的差别是what是特指，而whatever是泛指。 空格所在的句子说“这种新的每天服一次的药丸被描述成在治疗HIV病毒的过程中所达成的第一个合资协议的产物”，这是特指， 不是泛指， 因此what是答案。
10. D 研究人员对不同药物进行对比，自然是对比它们的疗效，其它三个选项的对比均毫无意义。
26、 11. A) excludes B) contains C) looks like D) tastes of
12. A) few B) fewer C) many D) more
13. A) for B) with C) to D) into
14. A) prove B) disprove C) improve D) approve
15. A) weak B) strong C) elder D) pregnant
标准答案：B,B,C,D,D
解 析：11. B 四个选项中只有A和B可以考虑，exclude是“除外，排除”，与 contain(“包含，含有”)正相反，因此重点关注这两个选项(提示2：答案常常出自有关系的选项中)。空格所在的句子说“Combivir...两种药：AZT 和 3TC”， 显然B(包括)出现在空格中最合理。
12. B 既然这种新药可以抑制更多病人的HIV水平，副作用自然应该“更少”，这是使用新药前后的对比，故必须用比较级。
13. C react to(“对...作出反应”)是固定用法，其它选项均不对。
14. D 空格所在的句子说“他们打算在几个月内要求FDA(美国食品药品管理机关)...新的药丸”， 显然空格处填入approve(批准)恰当。
15. D 本句后面已经提到，生育时可能有危险，那就只有孕妇 (pregnant women) 才有生育的问题了
