应用文的冲刺宝典。
一、图表作文
图表的类型主要有下列几种:简称“三图一表”即柱状图(Bar Graph)、线形图(Line Graph)、饼状图(Pie Graph)和表格(Table),
图表作文的题型特点:以图表作为信息来源的写作模式,即根据图标上的数字,找出所反映的社会现象,并从中看出主要问题和发展趋势;通常的写作逻辑结构为:
Paragraph I:(1)描述图表:趋势描写;(2)描述图表:必要数据支持(细节性)。
Paragraph II:(1)提出自己理由和观点;(2)细节性分论点(支持自己观点)。
Paragraph III:(1)预测未来和提出解决方法;(2)总结全文和表达作者自己观点。
图表作文基本模式
(a) 段落一:According to the figures given in the diagram/picture/pie chart, we can see that ________________________ is increasing in the past __________________________, while ________________________________ is decreasing. (从整体上对事物发展的趋势作概括)
段落二:Possible reasons for this are as follows. (问题产生的原因) On the one hand, _____________________________________________________. (原因一) On the other hand, __________________________________________________________________. (原因二) Furthermore, _________________________________________________. (原因三)
段落三: From what has been analyzed, we can draw a conclusion that ________________________________. (得出结论) As a matter of fact, with the improvements in ____________________________, the trend will go on in the future. (提出改进的方法或措施) Therefore, ________________________________. (最后再强调观点)
(b) 段落一:The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题). The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点). This means that as __________, _________________(进一步说明).
段落二:We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一). After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化), the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化). The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二). (数据位置,如In the second column), we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述).
段落三:Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因). / It is high time that (发出倡议)
二、书信作文
书信的结构:
英文的书信结构通常包括6个组成部分:信头(heading,包括寄信人地址和日期)、信内地址(inside address,指收信人地址)、称呼(salutation)、正文(body)、结束语(complimentary)、签名(signature),有时候还包括附言(postscript)和附件(attachment)
一般的,在考试中,由于篇幅所限,只要求考生在书信中包括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分