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成人高考专升本英文时态知识点汇总

2008-10-03 
一般现在时 1、 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often , always, usually ...

一般现在时

1、 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often , always, usually ,sometimes,everyday 等时间状语连用;

2、 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等;

3、 表示客观事实或普遍真理;

4、 表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作;the plane takes off at 10 am .

5、 在时间或条件状语中,表示将来的动作;when you see her just tell her that i am all right .

6、 在某些文学作品的情节描写中,代替过去时,表示或用于引述书刊材料;the author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money.

一般过去时

用于表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week,three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in july .

一般将来时

主要用于表示将来发生的动作或情况

在时间或条件状语中,一般不用将来时,而是用现在时代替将来时。i‘ll let you know the result when i finish everything.

1、 shall, will 动词原型构成一般将来时;

2、 am (is , are) going to 动词原型,表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情;

3、 am (is , are) about to 动词原型,表示即将发生的动作;

4、 am (is , an) to 动词原型,表示必须或计划要进行的动作 you are to be here by 4 pm for collecting the shipment you ordered .

过去将来时

用于表示过去某一时间内,将要发生的动作或存在的状态

was (were) going to 动词原型

was (were) about to 动词原型

was (were) to 动词原型 表示过去某时间内计划、打算或一定要进行的动作

现在进行时

go, come , stay , leave, start 的现在进行时形式可以表示将来即将发生的动作

he is coming to see you tomorrow .

hate, like, love, believe, think, look, mind, have, seem, sound, smell, taste 通常不使用进行时态

过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作 he was making a long distance phone call to his friend in australia from 10 to 11 last night .

go, come , stay , leave, start 的过去进行时形式可以表示过去将要发生的动作

将来进行时

将来进行时用于在将来的某一段时间正在发生的动作,或按计划在未来将要进行的动作

this time next week she will be working in the company .


现在完成时

表示从过去,但持续到现在的动作,或表示过去发生的动作,但对现在仍留有某种后果和造成影响。 he has paid his income tax.

过去完成时

用来表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作,或者表示过去某个时间开始一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作。

he said that the group had written him a letter and asked him to go there for an intervier .

将来完成时

用来表示在将来某时间以前已经完成的动作

i am sure he will have left tokyo by this time tomorrow .

现在完成进行时

表示从过去某一个时间开始一直延续要现在的动作, 这个动作可能刚刚结束,或者可能要继续进行下去。 she has been working in guangzhou since 1985 .

过去完成进行时

表示过去某个时间以前已经开始而又延续到过去这个时间的动作。 可能刚刚停止,也可能还在继续。 he told me that he had been a teacher of physics for more than twenty years .

在表示时间或条件关系的主从复合句中,遵照“主将从现”原则,主句用将来时态,从句用现在时态。


被动语态

助动词be 及物动词的过去分词

含有情态动词:情态动词 be 及物动词的过去分辞

短语动词 :example takes good care >> taken good care

虚拟语气

用来表示非真实的假设,表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望

条件从句 主句

违背现在事实 过去式 should / would / could / might 动词原形

if the manager were here , he might make a decision immediately

违背过去事实 had 过去分词 should / would / could / might have 过去分词

i could have done it better if i had been more careful

违背将来事实 should 动词原形 should / would / could / might 动词原形

were 动词不定式( were to 动词原形)

if it should rain tomorrow , what could we do ?

在下列结构的主语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气

it is necessary / imperative / important / essential / advisable that

it is proposed / desired / requested / suggested / recommended / demanded / decided / arranged that

混合虚拟句 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作,在时间上不一致,动词形式需要调整

if you had taken the medicine yesterday , you would be well now.

suggest , order , ask , demand , command , request , require etc.这些动词的宾语从句用虚拟句, 在这些动词后面的宾语从句中,助动词一律是should .

it is ( it was ) important ,其后的主语从句用虚拟语气,助动词用should .


it is important that we ( should ) learn computer .

wish ( that ) 从句,通常表示不可能实现的愿望。 表示现在的动作或状态是,从句中的动词用过去时;表示过去的动作或状态时,从句中的动词用had 过去分词。

但是,从句中动词用would (might ) 动词原形时,表示现在或将来有可能实现的愿望

i wish i knew a little contract law . 但愿我知道一点合同法(我不知道)

i wish you would come tomorrow . 我希望你明天能来 (有可能来)

as if / as thought 引导的状语从句(或表语从句)中,常用虚拟语气。

如果从句表示的意思与现在事实相反,谓语动词则应使用过去式;

如果从句表示的意思与过去事实相反,谓语动词则使用 had 过去分词的形式 .

基本句型

主语 谓语动词 the two-man spaceship took off this morning .

主语 谓语动词 宾语 the drilling machine is making a hole .

主语 连系动词 表语 the answer is off the point .

主语 谓语动词 间接宾语 直接宾语

the new approach has saved us a GREat deal of time

主语 谓语动词 宾语 宾语补足语 we like our guests to feel at home .


常用连词

等立连词:and , so , not only ~ but also , neither ~ now , or , otherwise , either ~ or , but , yet , still , however , while ,whereas, for

常用关联词

主从连词 that , whether , if

连接代词 who , whom , whose , what , where , which

连接副词 when , where , why , how

倒装句

never , scarcely , hardly , rarely , little , nowhere , no sooner ~ than , not only , in no case , in no way , on no accoune , at no time , under no circumstances (这些词或词组放在句首作壮语时)

there be 句型和大多数的疑问句都是倒装句

here , there , then , thus 等副词放在句首时,谓语动词为come , be , exist , follow 等不及物动词时,句子一般都为全部倒装 here is a book for you . here comes the bus .

句首为 so , nor , neither 等副词时、表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时 ,句子为倒装

richard can speak japanese . so can his sister

在虚拟语气中,非真实条件从句中的连词省略时,句子为倒装。这时,倒装到主语前的助动次 had ,should 和动词were . had i left a little earlier , i would have missed the train

so / nor / neither 系动词/ 助动词 / 情态动词 主语

表示前句中谓语所说明的情况也同样适用于后句中的主语,用到装。

he doesn‘t like music . nor / neither do i .

在hardly ~~ when 和 no sooner ~~ than 以及 not until 的句型中,由于否定词或否定词组放在句首,主句部分中的主、谓要到装———助动词 主语 动词原形

no sooner had he got well than he left the hospital .

直接引语和间接引语

john said , “ i ‘m going to london with my father .”

john said that he was going to london with his father .


一般疑问句变成以if (whether ) 引导的宾语从句

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