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Theory of Wing Sections: Including a Summary of Airfoil Data |  |
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Theory of Wing Sections: Including a Summary of Airfoil Data | |
"Most useful in working with wing sections and methods for using section data to predict wing characteristics . . . much detailed geometric and aerodynamic data." — Mechanical Engineering
The first edition of this work has been corrected and republished in answer to the continuing demand for a concise compilation of the subsonic aerodynamics characteristics of modern NASA wing sections together with a description of their geometry and associated theory. These wing sections, or their derivatives, continue to be the ones most commonly used for airplanes designed for both subsonic and supersonic speeds, and for helicopter rotor blades, propeller blades, and high performance fans.
Intended to be primarily a reference work for engineers and students, the book devotes over 300 pages to theoretical and experimental considerations. The theoretical treatment progresses from elementary considerations to methods used for the design of NACA low-drag airfoils. Methods and data are presented for using wingsection data to predict wing characteristics, and judiciously selected plots and cross-plots of experimental data are presented for readily useful correlation of certain simplifying assumptions made in the analyses. The chapters on theory of thin wings and airfoils are particularly valuable, as is the complete summary of the NACA's experimental observations and system of constructing families of airfoils. Mathematics has been kept to a minimum, but it is assumed that the reader has a knowledge of differential and integral calculus, and elementary mechanics.
The appendix of over 350 pages contains these tables: Basic Thickness Forms, Mean Lines, Airfoil Ordinates, and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wing Sections.
PREFACE TO DOVER EDITION
PREFACE
1. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WING-SECTION CHARACTERISTICS
Symbols.
The Forces on Wings.
Effect of Aspect Ratio.
Application of Section Data to Monoplane Wings:
a. Basic Concepts of Lifting-line Theory.
b. Solutions for Linear Lift Curves.
c. Generalized Solution.
Applicability of Section Data.
2. SIMPLE TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOWS
Symbols.
Introduction.
Concept of a Perfect Fluid.
Equations of Motion.
Description of Flow Patterns.
Simple Two-dimensional Flows:
a. Uniform Stream.
b. Sources and Sinks.
c. Doublets.
d. Circular Cylinder in a Uniform Stream.
e. Vortex.
f. Circular Cylinder with Circulation.
3. THEORY OF WING SECTIONS OF FINITE THICKNESS
Symbols.
Introduction.
Complex Variables.
Conformal Transformations.
Transformation of a Circle into a Wing Section.
Flow about Arbitrary Wing Sections.
Empirical Modification of the Theory.
Design of Wing Sections.
4. THEORY OF THIN WING SECTIONS
Symbols.
Basic Concepts.
Angle of Zero Lift and Pitching Moment.
Design of Mean Lines.
Engineering Applications of Section Theory.
5. THE EFFECTS OF VISCOSITY
Symbols.
Concept of Reynolds Number and Boundary Layer.
Flow around Wing Sections.
Characteristics of the Laminar Layer.
Laminar Skin Friction.
Momentum Relation.
Laminar Separation.
Turbulent Flow in Pipes.
Turburlent Skin Friction.
Calculation of Thickness of the Turbulent Layer.
Turbulent Separation.
Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow.
Calculation of Profile Drag.
Effect of Mach Number on Skin Friction.
6. FAMILIES OF WING SECTIONS
Symbols.
Introduction.
Method of Combining Mean Lines and Thickness Distributions.
NACA Four-digit Wing Sections:
a. Thickness Distributions.
b. Mean Lines.
c. Numbering System.
d. Approximate Theoretical Characteristics.
NACA Five-digit Wing Sections:
a. Thickness Distributions.
b. Mean Lines.
c. Numbering System.
d. Approximate Theoretical Characteristics.
Modified NACA Four-and Five-digit Series Wing Sections.
NACA 1-Series Wing Sections:
a. Thickness Distributions.
b. Mean Lines.
c. Numbering System.
d. Approximate Theoretical Characteristics.
NACA 6-Series Wing Sections:
a. Thickness Distributions.
b. Mean Lines.
c. Numbering System.
d. Approximate Theoretical Characteristics.
NACA 7-Series Wing Sections.
Special Combinations of Thickness and Camber.
7. EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WING SECTIONS.
Symbols.
Introduction.
Standard Aerodynamic Characteristics.
Lift Characteristics:
a. Angle of Zero Lift.
b. Lift-curve Slope.
c. Maximum Lift.
d. Effect of Surface Condition on Lift Characteristics.
Drag Characteristics:
a. Minimum Drag of Smooth Wing Sections.
b. Variation of Profile Drag with Lift Coefficient.
c. Effect of Surface Irregularities on Drag Characteristics.
d. Unconservative Wing Sections.
Pitching moment Characteristics.
8. HIGH-LIFT DEVICES
Symbols.
Introduction.
Plain Flaps.
Split Flaps.
Slotted Flaps:
a. Description of Slotted Flaps.
b. Single-slotted Flaps.
c. External-aifoil Flaps.
d. Double-slotted Flaps.
Leading-edge High-lift Devices:
a. Slats.
b. Slots.
c. Leading-edge Flaps.
Boundary-layer Control.
The Chordwise Load Distribution over Flapped Wing Sections.
9. EFFECTS OF COMPRESSIBILITY AT SUBSONIC SPEEDS
Symbols.
Introduction.
Steady Flow through a Stream Tube:
a. Adiabatic Law
b. Velocity of Sound
c. Bernoulli's Equation for Compressible Flow.
d. Cross-sectional Areas and Pressures in a Stream Tube.
e. Relations for a Normal Shock.
First-order Compressibility Effects:
a. Glauert-Prandtl Rule
b. Effect of Mach Number on the Pressure Coefficient.
Flow about Wing Sections at High Speed:
a. Flow at Subcritical Mach Numbers.
b. Flow at Supercritical Mach Numbers.
Experimental Wing Characteristics at High Speeds:
a. Lift Characteristics.
b. Drag Characteristics.
c. Moment Characteristics.
Wings for High-speed Applications.
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
I. Basic Thickness Forms
II. Mean Lines
III. Airfoil Ordinates
IV. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wing Sections
INDEX
网友对Theory of Wing Sections: Including a Summary of Airfoil Data的评论
专业书籍，没什么好说的。机翼设计方面还是很好的。
这本书介绍翼型理论比较清楚，理论和设计方法都很经典，是本难得的好书，翼型理论方面的Bible
First, someone highly recommended this text. I am not disappointed. In two parts, this book has a math beginning and abundant graphical summary of airfoil performance.
Starting with Wing-Section characteristics, the forces on airfoils and their response to those forces are covered in 2D, 3D then fluid analysis. Symbols used in each chapter are identified prior to use. Theoretical treatment is a progression of the developing insight in symbolic approximation from the contributors to understanding aerospace engineering.
Many of the equations are represented in graphs so one can grasp it quickly and then proceed with the math. Even then, the authors provide a quick precis for a perspective on defining solutions. Many times they seek the quick and simple, not simplistic, heads up approach while not flubbing on the math.
So, while Theory of Wing Sections is not an introductory text, it is an excellent supplement or toolbox to deliver achievable options along with their performance and limitations. Many designers or engineers dig into the graphical data section to explore well tried airfoils as a prelude to computer firmware analysis which may not divulge the underlying methods a given design is based. This book takes the mystery out of the meat.
To truly ferret through the fundamental concepts here, one should have a working knowledge of calculus prepared to use it. However, one can find use of this work studying the graphical wing section data noting the Reynold's numbers apply to full size aircraft. One starts here for UAV model scale aircraft, then digs deeper.
I had this book in college and lost it. It's a good reference for any airplane designer and yes there is a lot of math but that is a product of aerodynamics and engineering. Once you understand the graphs you can start building models and drones and possibly the next Canadian fighter jet.
Make sure you know what you're looking for, cause this book ain't for aerodynamics beginners. This is not an easy read. It's basically a breakdown of a lot of tests and why the wing sections work mathematically. This will save the right user a lot of time. If you're not an engineer this might not be the book or you.
I keep this book on hand for it's comprehensive listing of various airfoils used in the aerospace industry. It was especially helpful during my capstone course in selecting the appropriate airfoil for our mission. A great book for those in the aerospace industry to have on hand.
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