Fundamentals of Astrodynamics

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		Fundamentals of Astrodynamics
		Fundamentals of Astrodynamics

When the United States Air Force Academy began teaching astrodynamics to undergraduates majoring in astronautics or aerospace engineering, it found that the traditional approach to the subject was well over 100 years old. An entirely new text had to be evolved, geared to the use of high speed digital computers and actual current practice in the industry. Over the years the new approach was proven in the classrooms of the Academy; its students entering graduate engineering schools were found to possess a better understanding of astrodynamics than others. So pressing is the need for superior training in the aerospace sciences that the professor-authors of this text decided to publish it for other institutions' use. This Dover edition is the result.

The text is structured for teaching. Central emphasis is on use of the universal variable formulation, although classical methods are discussed. Several original unpublished derivations are included. A foundation for all that follows is the development of the basic two-body and n-body equations of motion; orbit determination is then treated, and the classical orbital elements, coordinate transformations, and differential correction. Orbital transfer maneuvers are developed, followed by time-of-flight with emphasis on the universal variable solution. The Kepler and Gauss problems are treated in detail. Two-body mechanics are applied to the ballistic missile problem, including launch error analysis and targeting on a rotating earth. Some further specialized applications are made to lunar and interplanetary flight, followed by an introduction to perturbation, special perturbations, integration schemes and errors, and analytic formulation of several common perturbations.

Example problems are used frequently, while exercises at the end of each chapter include derivations and quantitative and qualitative problems. The authors suggest how to use the text for a first course in astrodynamics or for a two-course sequence.

This major instructional tool effectively communicates the subject to engineering students in a manner found in no other textbook. Its efficiency has been thoroughly demonstrated. Dover feels privileged in joining with the authors to make its concepts and text matter available to other faculties.

目录

Preface
Chapter 1 TWO-BODY ORBITAL MECHANICS
1.1 Historical Background and Basic Laws
1.2 The N-Body Problem
1.3 The Two-Body Problem
1.4 Constants of the Motion
1.5 The Trajectory Equation
1.6 Relating E and h to the Geometry of an Orbit
1.7 The Elliptical Orbit
1.8 The Circular Orbit
1.9 The Parabolic Orbit
1.10 The Hyperbolic Orbit
1.11 Canonical Units
Exercises
List of References
Chapter 2 ORBIT DETERMINATION FROM OBSERVATIONS
2.1 Historical Background
2.2 Coordinate Systems
2.3 Classical Orbital Elements
2.4 Determining the Orbital Elements from r and v
2.5 Determining r and v from the Orbital Elements
2.6 Coordinate Transformations
2.7 Orbit Determination from a Single Radar Observation
2.8 SEZ to IJK Transformation Using an Ellipsoid Earth Model
2.9 The Measurement of Time
2.10 Orbit Determination from Three Position Vectors
2.11 Orbit Determination from Optical Sightings
2.12 Improving a Preliminary Orbit by Differential Correction
2.13 Space Survelliance
2.14 Type and Location of Sensors
2.15 Ground Track of a Satellite
Exercises
List of References
Chapter 3 BASIC ORBITAL MANEUVERS
3.1 Low Altitiude Earth Orbits
3.2 High Altitude Earth Orbits
3.3 In-Plane Orbit Changes
3.4 Out-Of-Plane Orbit Changes
Exercises
List of References
Chapter 4 POSITION AND VELOCITY AS A FUNCTION OF TIME
4.1 Historical Background
4.2 Time-of-Flight as a Function of Eccentric Anomaly
4.3 A Universal Fomulation for Time-of-Flight
4.4 The Prediction Problem
4.5 Implementing the Universal Variable Formulation
4.6 Classical Formulations of the Kepler Problem
Exercises
List of References
Chapter 5 ORBIT DETERMINATION FROM TWO POSITIONS AND TIME
5.1 Historical Background
5.2 The Gauss Problem - General Methods of Solution
5.3 Solution of the Gauss Problem via Universal Variables
5.4 The p-Iteration Method
5.5 The Gauss Problem Using the f and g Series
5.6 The Original Gauss Method
5.7 Practical Applications of the Gauss Problem - Intercept and Rendezvous
5.8 Determination of Orbit from Sighting Directions at Station
Exercises
List of References
Chapter 6 BALLISTIC MISSILE TRAJECTORIES
6.1 Historical Background
6.2 The General Ballistic Missile Problem
6.3 Effect of Launching Errors on Range
6.4 The Effect of Earth Rotation
Exercises
List of References
Chapter 7 LUNAR TRAJECTORIES
7.1 Historical Background
7.2 The Earth-Moon System
7.3 Simple Earth-Moon Trajectories
7.4 The Patched-Conic Approximation
7.5 Non-Coplanar Lunar Trajectories
Exercises
List of References
Chapter 8 INTERPLANETARY TRAJECTORIES
8.1 Historical Background
8.2 The Solar System
8.3 The Patched-Conic Approximation
8.4 Non-Coplanar Interplanetary Trajectories
Exercises
List of References
Chapter 9 PERTURBATIONS
9.1 Introduction and Historical Background
9.2 Cowell's Method
9.3 Encke's Method
9.4 Variation of Parameters or Elements
9.5 Comments on Integration Schemes and Errors
9.6 Numerical Integration Methods
9.7 Analytic Formulation of Perturbative Accelerations
Exercises
List of References
Appendix A Astrodynamic Constants
Appendix B Miscellaneous Constants and Conversions
Appendix C Vector Review
Appendix D Suggested Projects
Index

网友对Fundamentals of Astrodynamics的评论

美空军学院教材，内容实用，理论不艰深，很很口味^_^

this is an amazing Book too easy for engineering students !
you don't need to have an expert background in physics
As for a Mechanical Engineer u will expand ur Knowledge in Mechanical Dynamics (kinetics and kinematics of particles and rigid bodies) u will encounter Coriolis Acceleration Explained briefly (plus writing velocities and acceleration of a particle from one rotating coordinate system to another translating coordinate system) , in other words u know most of the material especially laws and formulas however they are more complex and higher order.....I recommend to read this book
As for a non Scientific person definitely u won't understand the physical meaning of formulas just skip chapter 2 where it talks about References and coordinate systems and am pretty sure u will understand most of the material.
however it states clearly all rules briefly but u must be familiar with linear algebra (matrices nth order for exact solution) and differential equations (especially how to decouple differential equations) in order to understand complex formulas...
Don't miss the line in chapter 1 where it says Bold letters refers to Vectors otherwise u will get lost in chapter 2 (ex : Q=S/S it's not equal to one the numerator is vector and the denominator is the scalar which is equal to root(Sx^2 + Sy^2 + Sz^2) )

Pros : 1- Most of the equations has their physical meaning written
2-Lots of figure to understand what's happening
3- Material is well organized and sections as well
4- Contains historical background on the famous Scientists (Sir Newton,Galileo...)
5- fast shipping 10 days!!
6-Paper is not bad for Marker , thick enough
7- English is so Easy,
8- Scientific words explained briefly and to make sure u understand they will refer u to a figure.

Cons: 1- Sometimes u go back two chapters to see figures in order to follow an equation
2- They don't put arrow for Vectors and sometimes forget to write the vectors in bold.
3-The book has minor damaged from shipping

Thank you for reading however could u please recommend similar books like Designing Satellite and space missions ...etc

I've seen an advance copy of the new 2015 2nd edition, and other than some intro updates, this classic from Dover is close to the same, however, the new edition is not that much more expensive (looks to be about $5 US more), so is probably worth the wait unless you need this right away for a class. The new edition was scheduled for April 2014 and has been moved to late 2015, so I'm not sure what it will really look like... stand by!

That part of this review will be quickly dated, however, and in general, this classic is an inexpensive must have for rocket science, GIS, engineers, astronomers, and much more. I teach in these fields but do not agree with some of the folks that this is strictly basic and undergrad-- I use it in grad classes with other texts, and the students are always grateful that they have this, as it gives language descriptions to augment the math-- always a help, and a real must have if you're an autodidact. Was pleased to find that a tutorial I did for the Air Force Academy still required this!

Highly recommended. The new edition is here: Fundamentals of Astrodynamics: Second Edition (Dover Books on Physics).

A very good introduction to the subject. Many examples are given and several of the questions have answers in the text which makes this ideal for self study.

The primary focus is on geocentric (Earth-centered) orbits. Especially the orbits of satellites and ballistic missiles. There are two chapters which include detailed information on Lunar injection trajectories and interplanetary transfer orbits.

You will need to know basic algebra, matrix multiplication, trigonometry, and vector mechanics in order to answer the questions. Fortunately, if you had a decent precalculus course in high school or college you should have all the math you need. There is also a nice review of vector mechanics in the appendix.

The only flaw I found was that some of the chapters were way too long. The author places all of the questions at the end of the chapter. So when you have a 100 page long chapter that is a lot of information to cover in the questions. If they ever make a second edition I would recommend that they place questions at the end of individual sections rather than have seven or eight sections worth of questions grouped together at the end of a chapter.

Also save yourself the trouble and make a formula chart. There are tons of formulas in this book and rather than having to flip pages constantly it is a lot easier to write every new formula down on a sheet of paper. These formula charts will make the exercises flow faster.

This book would be perfect for someone who wants to know how orbits work. It would also make a great gift for any Kerbal Space Program fans you know.

A whole new crop of astrodynamics books appeared shortly after sputnik. This book by Bate, et al., is a fine specimen of this genre. It carries a copyright and publication date of 1971. No revisions are mentioned, but Appendix A contains the date 1975 in a footnote. However, the book must have been written some years prior, as it makes no mention of Apollo (even though the cover shows a photo of the Apollo Lunar Lander).
The introduction tells us the book was specifically written for astrodynamics classes at the Air force Academy. This suggests a dry, terse, and highly focused book. Focused it is, but it is also contains significant and interesting historical material; and surprisingly, quite a bit of droll humor. (Examples: page 155 shows a spent booster dropping into the ocean with a gigantic splash. P. 321: "Which is more useful, the Sun or the Moon? ... The Moon ... since it gives us light during the night ... whereas the sun shines only in the daytime, when it is light anyway.")
Chapter 1 states the basic equations of motion, leading to the conic sections. The derivation is well paced. Chapter 2 provides an introduction to orbit determination, showing how the orbital elements can be computed from observations. Chapter 3 covers types of orbital maneuvers. Chapter 4 deals with the time-of-flight, Kepler's equation, and universal variables. Chapter 5 provides a more extensive treatment of orbit determination. Chapter 6 reflects the books origin and purpose in its thorough discussion of ballistic missile trajectories. (It might not be too far afield to suggest this might have been the primary purpose of this course.) Three more chapters cover perturbation theory and other topics.
Compared to its peers: 1) compared to Herrick's "Astrodynamics" (vol. 1 & 2) Bate is faster paced and has a more modern feel; 2) Thomson's "Introduction to Space Dynamics" is faster paced, covers more ground, and more forward looking; and 3) Battin's "An Introduction to the Mathematics and Methods of Astrodynamics" -- well this book is in a class by itself; no other astrodynamics book has such rich excursion into applied mathematics and Apollo history.
In general, I am impressed with the derivations and explanations. Occasionally there is a weakness. One example appears on p. 114, and relates to the Gibbsian method of orbit determination. This method relies on three radius vectors and no time data. The authors point out that three vectors have nine independent components, but since these must lie in the same plane there are only eight. So far, so good. But in general only six independent data points are required to determine the orbit ... so it would appear that we have two too many. The resolution is that in general each observation (data point) must carry a time stamp. Since in this case we don't have these, we are missing three pieces of information, and the actual number of independent data points is (effectively) five. Therefore, although the trajectory can be determined, the location of the satellite on the trajectory cannot.
All in all, one of the very best books to learn the subject from.

I've read a lot of text books in my time. An unfortunate number of them were written by people who, while they may know their subject, are not skilled at teaching. I've learned to be particularly wary of books whose titles begin with "Introduction to" or "Fundamentals of" because they tend to start out with a few pages about the really simple fundamentals, then the rest of the book is completely abstruse. This book is not like that. The authors (Bate, Mueller and White) start from fundamentals and proceed slowly and steadily to build on them in a logical fashion. The book contains exercises that (wonder of wonders) actually added to my understanding of the material. The authors clearly have experience teaching this subject and seemed to have an intuitive grasp of exactly where I would have trouble understanding, whereupon they would offer a little extra extra explanation or some coaching about the math or even (wow) a discussion about the physical implications of a mathematical equation they had derived. This book is exactly what the title claims; "Fundamentals of Astrodynamics." Note that you will need to know trigonometry and some vector math and linear algebra before reading this book.

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