使用Maven模板生成一个项目
Maven带有超过40+个Maven模板，让开发者快速开始一个新的Java项目。这一章，演示怎样使用Maven的命令“mvn archetype:generate”生成一个新的Java Web项目。
下面是使用Maven模板生成项目的步骤。
1、mvn archetype:generate命令
定位到要生成的项目的目录下，如“D:\workspace\maven-test”。在命令行窗口，执行“mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeCatalog=internal”命令以生成一个新的项目。Maven将列出已经存在的40+Maven模板项目供我们选择。在这个例子中，选择19以创建一个简单的Java web应用程序项目模板(这里使用的是Maven 3.03版本,Maven 2可能有所不同)：
使用Maven创建项目过程1
D:\workspace\maven-test>mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeCatalog=internal
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] ------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom <<<
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom ---
[INFO] Generating project in Interactive mode
[INFO] No archetype defined. Using maven-archetype-quickstart (org.apache.maven.
archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0)
Choose archetype:
1: internal -> appfuse-basic-jsf (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and JSF)
2: internal -> appfuse-basic-spring (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and Spring MVC)
3: internal -> appfuse-basic-struts (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and Struts 2)
4: internal -> appfuse-basic-tapestry (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and Tapestry 4)
5: internal -> appfuse-core (AppFuse archetype for creating a jar application with Hibernate and Spring and XFire)
6: internal -> appfuse-modular-jsf (AppFuse archetype for creating a modular application with Hibernate, Spring and JSF)
7: internal -> appfuse-modular-spring (AppFuse archetype for creating a modularapplication with Hibernate, Spring and Spring MVC)
8: internal -> appfuse-modular-struts (AppFuse archetype for creating a modularapplication with Hibernate, Spring and Struts 2)
9: internal -> appfuse-modular-tapestry (AppFuse archetype for creating a modular application with Hibernate, Spring and Tapestry 4)
10: internal -> makumba-archetype (Archetype for a simple Makumba application)11: internal -> maven-archetype-j2ee-simple (A simple J2EE Java application)
12: internal -> maven-archetype-marmalade-mojo (A Maven plugin development project using marmalade)
13: internal -> maven-archetype-mojo (A Maven Java plugin development project)
14: internal -> maven-archetype-portlet (A simple portlet application)
15: internal -> maven-archetype-profiles ()
16: internal -> maven-archetype-quickstart ()
17: internal -> maven-archetype-site-simple (A simple site generation project)
18: internal -> maven-archetype-site (A more complex site project)
19: internal -> maven-archetype-webapp (A simple Java web application)
20: internal -> data-app (A new Databinder application with sources and resources.)
21: internal -> camel-archetype-component (Creates a new Camel component)
22: internal -> camel-archetype-activemq (Creates a new Camel project that configures and interacts with ActiveMQ)
23: internal -> camel-archetype-java (Creates a new Camel project using Java DSL)
24: internal -> camel-archetype-scala (Creates a new Camel project using Scala DSL)
25: internal -> camel-archetype-spring (Creates a new Camel project with added Spring DSL support)
26: internal -> camel-archetype-war (Creates a new Camel project that deploys the Camel Web Console, REST API, and your routes as a WAR)
27: internal -> jini-service-archetype (Archetype for Jini service project creation)
28: internal -> jbosscc-seam-archetype (Maven Archetype to generate a Seam Application- Documentation)
29: internal -> softeu-archetype-seam (JSF+Facelets+Seam Archetype)
30: internal -> softeu-archetype-seam-simple (JSF+Facelets+Seam (no persistence) Archetype)
31: internal -> softeu-archetype-jsf (JSF+Facelets Archetype)
32: internal -> jpa-maven-archetype (JPA application)
33: internal -> spring-osgi-bundle-archetype (Spring-OSGi archetype)
34: internal -> bamboo-plugin-archetype (Atlassian Bamboo plugin archetype)
35: internal -> confluence-plugin-archetype (Atlassian Confluence plugin archetype)
36: internal -> jira-plugin-archetype (Atlassian JIRA plugin archetype)
37: internal -> maven-archetype-har (Hibernate Archive)
38: internal -> maven-archetype-sar (JBoss Service Archive)
39: internal -> wicket-archetype-quickstart (A simple Apache Wicket project)
40: internal -> quickstart (A simple Apache Tapestry 5 Project)
41: internal -> scala-archetype-simple (A simple scala project)
42: internal -> lift-archetype-blank (A blank/empty liftweb project)
43: internal -> lift-archetype-basic (The basic (liftweb) project)
44: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-block-plain (http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/)
45: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-block (http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/)
46: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-webapp (http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/)
47: internal -> myfaces-archetype-helloworld (A simple archetype using MyFaces)
48: internal -> myfaces-archetype-helloworld-facelets (A simple archetype using MyFaces and facelets)
49: internal -> myfaces-archetype-trinidad (A simple archetype using Myfaces and Trinidad)
50: internal -> myfaces-archetype-jsfcomponents (A simple archetype for create custom JSF components using MyFaces)
51: internal -> gmaven-archetype-basic (Groovy basic archetype)
52: internal -> gmaven-archetype-mojo (Groovy mojo archetype)
53: internal -> struts2-archetype-starter (Struts 2 Starter Archetype)
54: internal -> tynamo-archetype (Creates a CRUD web application based on Tapestry 5 and Tynamo, a model-driven Java web framework)
55: internal -> tellurium-junit-archetype (Tellurium JUnit project archetype for the Tellurium Automated Testing Framework)
56: internal -> tellurium-testng-archetype (Tellurium TestNG project archetype for the Tellurium Automated Testing Framework)
57: internal -> scalate-archetype-empty (Generates a Scalate empty web application)
58: internal -> scalate-archetype-guice (Generates a Scalate Jog web application)
Choose a number: 16:
选择19，Maven会自动下载所需的依赖库文件，这可能会耗费一些时间。
2、项目详细信息
接下来，会让填写项目的详细信息：
填写项目详细信息
Define value for property 'groupId': : com.xuejava
Define value for property 'artifactId': : com.xuejavaweb
Define value for property 'version': 1.0-SNAPSHOT: : 1.0
Define value for property 'package': com.xuejava: :
完整的过程如下：
项目生成过程2
……
Choose a number: 16: 19
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arc
hetype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.jar
Downloaded: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arch
etype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.jar (4 KB at 1.7 KB/sec)
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arc
hetype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.pom
Downloaded: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arch
etype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.pom (533 B at 0.1 KB/sec)
Define value for property 'groupId': : com.xuejava
Define value for property 'artifactId': : com.xuejavaweb
Define value for property 'version': 1.0-SNAPSHOT: : 1.0
Define value for property 'package': com.xuejava: :
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: com.xuejava
artifactId: com.xuejavaweb
version: 1.0
package: com.xuejava
Y: : y
[INFO] ----------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype:
maven-archetype-webapp:RELEASE
[INFO] ----------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.xuejava
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.xuejava
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.xuejava
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: com.xuejavaweb
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: D:\workspace\maven-test
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0
[INFO] ********************* End of debug info from resources from generated POM ***********************
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: D:\workspace\maven-test\com.xuejavaweb
[INFO] ------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1:13.922s
[INFO] Finished at: Sun May 22 13:51:03 CST 2011
[INFO] Final Memory: 6M/16M
[INFO] ------------------------------------
D:\workspace\maven-test>
创建结束，会生成如下的文件和目录结构：
3、pom.xml
在Maven中，pom.xml文件是项目配置的核心，它包含构建项目所需的主要信息。在上面的示例中，自动生成了pom.xml文件，其中的标签“packaging”为“war”—注意这里不是“jar”。当使用Maven构建项目时，该项目将自动打成war包用来部署。
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.xuejava</groupId>
<artifactId>com.xuejavaweb</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0</version>
<name>com.xuejavaweb Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>com.xuejavaweb</finalName>
</build>
</project>
在Maven，完成所有这一切，只需要一个命令，就可以创建标准目录结构，马上开始开发工作。
