Openstack实例相关操作
对于OpenStack的具体安装，可以查看“五岳之巅”的博客 http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid/22414998/frmd/154248.html 讲解较为详细。
以下内容是如何在linux命令行下进行nova-compute实例的相关操作，这些操作均可以通过OpenStack的Horizon服务在web界面上完成，本文只是作者笔记，供参考用。
客户端系统环境：
ubuntu-desktop-12.04
python-novaclient glance-client swift kvm
export SERVICE_TOKEN=admin
export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=admin
export OS_AUTH_URL="http://192.168.111.128:5000/v2.0/"
export SERVICE_ENDPOINT=http://192.168.111.128:35357/v2.0
以上是客户端主机系统的基本要求，本文中由于Nova是安装在192.168.111.128上面的，所以读者应根据实际情况设置。
在拥有以上的环境后，可以通过命令操作来查看、创建、管理实例。
查看Image的信息：
root@client:~# nova image-list
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+--------+
| ID | Name | Status | Server |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+--------+
| 50a278f9-54e2-485c-9592-f0e485689df0 | ubuntu-12.04 | ACTIVE | |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+--------+
root@client:~# nova image-list
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+--------+
| ID | Name | Status | Server |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+--------+
| 50a278f9-54e2-485c-9592-f0e485689df0 | ubuntu-12.04 | ACTIVE | |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+--------+
查看可用的kvm实例化配置信息：
root@client:~# nova flavor-list
+----+--------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+
| ID | Name | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor |
+----+--------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+
| 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 |
| 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 10 | 20 | | 1 | 1.0 |
| 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 10 | 40 | | 2 | 1.0 |
| 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 10 | 80 | | 4 | 1.0 |
| 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 10 | 160 | | 8 | 1.0 |
| 6 | svr_2-512-10 | 512 | 10 | 20 | | 2 | 1.0 |
+----+--------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+
启动一个实例：
root@client:~# nova boot --flavor=1 --image=50a278f9-54e2-485c-9592-f0e485689df0 testserver
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | None |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | None |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-00000004 |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| adminPass | sJcaPJYp22Fc |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2012-12-22T06:36:02Z |
| flavor | m1.tiny |
| hostId | |
| id | 6b92ce5a-5499-4b42-a346-13b78e28d3e8 |
| image | ubuntu-12.04 |
| key_name | |
| metadata | {} |
| name | testserver |
| progress | 0 |
| status | BUILD |
| tenant_id | dac9bcbdf94d4764b1fc919b126727ca |
| updated | 2012-12-22T06:36:02Z |
| user_id | bb1468f01a8548cf8160836ca6a82679 |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
该实例使用flavor中ID为1的资源配置，镜像使用ID为50a278f9-54e2-485c-9592-f0e485689df0 的镜像，实例的显示名称为testserver
启动完该实例后，直观的从web上看：
命令行查看实例情况：
root@client:~# nova list
+--------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
| ID | Name | Status | Networks |
+--------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
| 6b92ce5a-5499-4b42-a346-13b78e28d3e8 | testserver | ACTIVE | |
+--------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------+
查看实例的详细信息：
root@client:~# nova show 6b92ce5a-5499-4b42-a346-13b78e28d3e8
+-------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------------------------------+----------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | svr1 |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | None |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-00000004 |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 1 |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | None |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | active |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2012-12-22T06:36:02Z |
| flavor | m1.tiny |
| hostId | 0cb64f5bbe94b0a71f29d17025afe844d0fd047f8dae71d0142ebae1 |
| id | 6b92ce5a-5499-4b42-a346-13b78e28d3e8 |
| image | ubuntu-12.04 |
| key_name | |
| metadata | {} |
| name | testserver |
| progress | 0 |
| status | ACTIVE |
| tenant_id | dac9bcbdf94d4764b1fc919b126727ca |
| updated | 2012-12-22T06:36:05Z |
| user_id | bb1468f01a8548cf8160836ca6a82679 |
+-------------------------------------+----------------------+
