对Hibernate的LockMode的进一步思考
让我们先来看看Hibernate的文档时怎么说的,关于LockMode:
LockMode FORCE
????????? Similiar to UPGRADE except that, for versioned entities, it results in a forced version increment.
LockMode NONE
????????? No lock required.
LockMode READ
????????? A shared lock. Objects in this lock mode were read from the database in the current transaction, rather than being pulled from a cache (注:也就是从数据库中读数据,绕过了Hibernate的Cache)
LockMode UPGRADE
????????? An upgrade lock.(注:相当于SQL语句select xxx from xxxx for update,也就是把事务的处理交给了数据库)
LockMode UPGRADE_NOWAIT
????????? Attempt to obtain an upgrade lock, using an Oracle-style select for update nowait.
LockMode WRITE
????????? A WRITE lock is obtained when an object is updated or inserted.This lock mode is for internal use only and is not a valid mode for load() or lock() (both of which throw exceptions if WRITE is specified). (注:不能在load的时候用,否则抛出异常)
不过,“纸上得来终觉浅,觉知此事要躬行”,博主做了下实验来比较这些“锁”的不同。
先看代码:
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package com.javaye; import org.hibernate.LockMode; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import com.javaye.models.Article; public class Main { private static void insert(){ Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); Article art = new Article(); art.setTitle("AAA"); art.setVisitAmount(0); session.saveOrUpdate(art); tx.commit(); } private static void update(){ Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession(); System.out.println("session:"+session.hashCode()); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">Article art = (Article) session.load(Article.class, 1,LockMode.UPGRADE); System.out.println(" loaded");</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">art.setVisitAmount(art.getVisitAmount()+1);</SPAN> session.save(art); tx.commit(); session.evict(art); } private static void work(){ for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+(i+1)+"times."); update(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ Thread t1 = new Thread( new Runnable(){ public void run(){ work(); } } ); Thread t2 = new Thread( new Runnable(){ public void run(){ work(); } } ); t1.setName("Thread1"); t2.setName("Thread2"); t1.setDaemon(true); t2.setDaemon(true); t1.start(); t2.start(); t1.join(); t2.join(); } } package com.javaye;import org.hibernate.LockMode;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import com.javaye.models.Article;public class Main {private static void insert(){ Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); Article art = new Article(); art.setTitle("AAA"); art.setVisitAmount(0); session.saveOrUpdate(art); tx.commit();}private static void update(){ Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession(); System.out.println("session:"+session.hashCode()); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();Article art = (Article) session.load(Article.class, 1,LockMode.UPGRADE); System.out.println(" loaded");art.setVisitAmount(art.getVisitAmount()+1); session.save(art); tx.commit(); session.evict(art);}private static void work(){ for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+(i+1)+"times."); update(); }}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ Thread t1 = new Thread( new Runnable(){ public void run(){ work(); } } ); Thread t2 = new Thread( new Runnable(){ public void run(){ work(); } } ); t1.setName("Thread1"); t2.setName("Thread2"); t1.setDaemon(true); t2.setDaemon(true); t1.start(); t2.start(); t1.join(); t2.join();}}
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这是一个多线程程序,每个线程都会从数据库中取出visit_amount,然后加一,再存回数据库,每个线程重复10遍。
???? 请注意蓝色的部分,我们在这里设一个断点,那么用Eclipse调试的时候,到达这个断点的线程就会停下来,由于它的事务还没有commit(),LockMode.UPGRADE的锁就还没有释放,那么另外一个线程中事务就会在load的时候因为不能获得锁而阻塞,那么理论上我们只会看到只有一句“??? loaded ”输出。 实验结果证明了我的猜想,LockMode.UPGRADE的情况下,如果一个事务获得了锁,即使另外的事务想读取数据也是不行的,必须等待锁的释放。
??? 那么,改写数据可以吗?笔者又做了一个实验,打开MySQL Query Browser,直接生改数据库,把visit_amount字段的值硬生生改过来,结果发现提交的时候就阻塞了,MySQL的海豚标志一个劲的游泳,这说明,LockMode.UPGRADE级别的锁不是由Hibernate控制的,而是由数据库控制的。
??? 再试一试LockeMode.Read,断点还是设在原来的位置,发现有两次“????? loaded”输出,证明两个事务可以同时读取这条数据,那么这个锁有什么作用呢?根据我实验的结果,似乎只是为了绕过cache,从数据库直接读取。为了证明我的猜想,我直接通过MySQL Query Browser更改了visit_amount,调试发现,Hibernate是从数据库中读取的新值,而不是cache中的老值。
??? 最后在补充一点,LockMode.UPGRADE加锁是有超时时间的,如果加锁后超过一定的时间不commit,Hibernate会抛出异常。