查看mysql数据库字符集，设置mysql字符集为utf8
2011-03-04 11:20:59|??分类： Database |??标签：mysql??utf8??字符集?? |字号?订阅
一、查看 MySQL 数据库服务器和数据库字符集。
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
| Variable_name??????????? | Value?????????????????????????????? |......
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
| character_set_client???? | utf8??????????????????????????????? |......?? -- 客户端字符集
| character_set_connection | utf8??????????????????????????????? |......
| character_set_database?? | utf8??????????????????????????????? |......?? -- 数据库字符集
| character_set_filesystem | binary????????????????????????????? |......
| character_set_results??? | utf8??????????????????????????????? |......
| character_set_server???? | utf8??????????????????????????????? |......?? -- 服务器字符集
| character_set_system???? | utf8??????????????????????????????? |......
| character_sets_dir?????? | D:\MySQL Server 5.0\share\charsets\ |......
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
二、查看 MySQL 数据表（table） 的字符集。
mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like '%countries%';
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
| Name????? | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Collation?????? |......
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
| countries | InnoDB |????? 10 | Compact??? |?? 11 | utf8_general_ci |......
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
三、查看 MySQL 数据列（column）的字符集。
mysql> show full columns from countries;
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
| Field??????????????? | Type??????? | Collation?????? | .......
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
| countries_id???????? | int(11)???? | NULL??????????? | .......
| countries_name?????? | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | .......
| countries_iso_code_2 | char(2)???? | utf8_general_ci | .......
| countries_iso_code_3 | char(3)???? | utf8_general_ci | .......
| address_format_id??? | int(11)???? | NULL??????????? | .......
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
四、查看当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集。
mysql> show charset;
mysql> show char set;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description???????????????? | Default collation?? | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5???? | Big5 Traditional Chinese??? | big5_chinese_ci???? |????? 2 |
| dec8???? | DEC West European?????????? | dec8_swedish_ci???? |????? 1 |
| cp850??? | DOS West European?????????? | cp850_general_ci??? |????? 1 |
| hp8????? | HP West European??????????? | hp8_english_ci????? |????? 1 |
| koi8r??? | KOI8-R Relcom Russian?????? | koi8r_general_ci??? |????? 1 |
| latin1?? | cp1252 West European??????? | latin1_swedish_ci?? |????? 1 |
| latin2?? | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci?? |????? 1 |
| swe7???? | 7bit Swedish??????????????? | swe7_swedish_ci???? |????? 1 |
| ascii??? | US ASCII??????????????????? | ascii_general_ci??? |????? 1 |
| ujis???? | EUC-JP Japanese???????????? | ujis_japanese_ci??? |????? 3 |
| sjis???? | Shift-JIS Japanese????????? | sjis_japanese_ci??? |????? 2 |
| hebrew?? | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew?????????? | hebrew_general_ci?? |????? 1 |
| tis620?? | TIS620 Thai???????????????? | tis620_thai_ci????? |????? 1 |
| euckr??? | EUC-KR Korean?????????????? | euckr_korean_ci???? |????? 2 |
| koi8u??? | KOI8-U Ukrainian??????????? | koi8u_general_ci??? |????? 1 |
| gb2312?? | GB2312 Simplified Chinese?? | gb2312_chinese_ci?? |????? 2 |
| greek??? | ISO 8859-7 Greek??????????? | greek_general_ci??? |????? 1 |
| cp1250?? | Windows Central European??? | cp1250_general_ci?? |????? 1 |
| gbk????? | GBK Simplified Chinese????? | gbk_chinese_ci????? |????? 2 |
| latin5?? | ISO 8859-9 Turkish????????? | latin5_turkish_ci?? |????? 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian????????? | armscii8_general_ci |????? 1 |
| utf8???? | UTF-8 Unicode?????????????? | utf8_general_ci???? |????? 3 |
| ucs2???? | UCS-2 Unicode?????????????? | ucs2_general_ci???? |????? 2 |
| cp866??? | DOS Russian???????????????? | cp866_general_ci??? |????? 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci |????? 1 |
| macce??? | Mac Central European??????? | macce_general_ci??? |????? 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European?????????? | macroman_general_ci |????? 1 |
| cp852??? | DOS Central European??????? | cp852_general_ci??? |????? 1 |
| latin7?? | ISO 8859-13 Baltic????????? | latin7_general_ci?? |????? 1 |
| cp1251?? | Windows Cyrillic??????????? | cp1251_general_ci?? |????? 1 |
| cp1256?? | Windows Arabic????????????? | cp1256_general_ci?? |????? 1 |
| cp1257?? | Windows Baltic????????????? | cp1257_general_ci?? |????? 1 |
| binary?? | Binary pseudo charset?????? | binary????????????? |????? 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian??????????? | geostd8_general_ci |????? 1 |
| cp932??? | SJIS for Windows Japanese?? | cp932_japanese_ci?? |????? 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese?? | eucjpms_japanese_ci |????? 3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
以上查看 MySQL 字符集命令，适用于 Windows & Linux。
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Liunx下修改MySQL字符集：
1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置
find / -iname '*.cnf' -print
/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf
2. 拷贝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一个到/etc下，命名为my.cnf
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
3. 修改my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
在[client]下添加
default-character-set=utf8
在[mysqld]下添加
default-character-set=utf8
4.重新启动MySQL
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL???????????????????????????????????????? [ 确定 ]
Starting MySQL.?????????????????????????????????????????? [ 确定 ]
[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
其他的一些设置方法：
修改数据库的字符集
mysql>use mydb
mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;
创建数据库指定数据库的字符集
mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;
通过配置文件修改:
修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt
default-character-set=latin1
default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci
为
default-character-set=utf8
default-collation=utf8_general_ci
重起MySQL:
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
通过MySQL命令行修改:
mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
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查看 数据库表中字段的字符集是否为utf8的 如果不是 还要设置字段为utf8格式的！
