托福写作同义词替换，国内考生常用的表达，更得分的表达方式。
名词
1
things that one tries hard to do
one's undertakings/
one's commitments
2
The fact is that…
The reality is that…
3
joy
happiness/ delight/ enjoyment
4
sadness
sorrow/ grief
5
danger
hazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，
危险程度非同一般) [派生]
dangerous;hazardous
6
education
≈schooling (指学校教育，
家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting)
[区分]家庭教育的两个词
upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，
比如children's upbringing;
而parenting是从家长的角度来说，
比如sensible parenting.
7
advertisement/ advertising
如果你写过关于广告的题目，
就一定体会过不停轮换使用
advertisement/ advertising
有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中
完全可以把广告类细化，比如
commercials(电视或者互联
网上的广告)，flyers
(传单广告，北京最常见的
形式就是“135****，办证”)，
billboards(大幅的广告牌)或者
non-profit advertisements=
public-interest advertisements
(公益广告)
8
car
automobile
9
economic crisis
economic meltdown
(很接近)/recession
(这个一般仅仅还是衰退)
/the Great Depression
(这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了)
10
famous people
celebrities (单数为celebrity)
11
human beings(备考生使用过多)
humanity(注意这个词的单
数指人类，复数指人文学科)
/the human race
12
wealth
fortune(s) (fortune
作财富的意思时可以加复数)
13
[相关] rich
wealthy/ affluent (adj.)
14
skill
≈technique(注意这个词的
正确解释是技能或者方法，
而不是technology科技)
15
[派生] skilled
adept/ adroit (adj.)
16
method
methodology (国外学术
写作中超级常用的词，
基本就是method的故作高深版)
17
field
sphere/ domain/ arena
18
understanding of
≈ grasp of/ command of
19
choice
option
20
cooperation
≈collaboration
21
basic structure in a city or a country
infrastructure
22
tiredness for a long time
fatigue
23
is a must of
is a prerequisite for
(是……的必备先决条件)
24
the Internet
≈the information highway
(一篇考生作文里Internet被
使用十几次是常事儿)
25
honesty
≈integrity
26
strong belief
faith (in)
27
aim
intention
28
worries
anxieties (是的，这两个
词的确都可以加复数)
29
influence
impact/ repercussion/
implication
30
influence on each other
mutual influence(类似
的表达还有mutual respect,
mutual trust和mutual
understanding/ interaction
between A and B/
interplay between A and B
31
many different kinds of…
a variety of…/
a wide array of…/
a wide range of…
32
wrong ideas held by many people
misconceptions
33
fame
prestige/
sterling reputation
34
range
≈spectrum
35
sense
≈ recognition
36
part
component
(这个词不仅指零件，
在学术写作中也经常指“部分”)
37
wise
[相关] sensible (adj.)
38
gap
disparity
39
a system for a particular purpose
≈ a mechanism for…
40
a solution to sth.
a remedy for sth.
(生活中经常指一种病
的治疗方法，但学术写作
中经常用来指某种问题的
解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同)
41
bad students
≈ unruly students/
disruptive students
42
bad behavior
unethical behavior/
immoral behavior
43
organizations that help poor people
charities/
charitable organizations
44
difference
distinction
45
[派生] be different from
be distinct from (adj.)
46
person
individual
47
personality
≈ disposition
48
businesses
enterprises(这里指企业)
49
prices that are too high
exorbitant prices
50
the rate of…
the incidence of…
(后面一般跟坏事儿，
比如unemployment/
crime/ a disease)
51
intense enthusiasm
zeal/ passion
52
cultural globalization(有过多人使用这个词)
global cultural
homogenization
53
a thing that is necessary
a necessity
54
a thing that is new and interesting
a novelty
55
a thing that is rare
a rarity
56
things that people are not sure about
uncertainties
57
a world language
a universal language
58
friends
companions
59
relaxation
≈ recreation
60
self-respect
≈ self-esteem and dignity
61
respect sb./ sth.
hold sb./ sth. in high regard
62
[反义] look down on…
treat … with
contempt = despise (v.)
63
self-control
self-discipline
64
criminal
convict
65
prisoner
inmate
66
drinks
≈ alcoholic beverages
67
people who walk on the street
pedestrians
68
old generations in history
ancestors
69
a person who benefits from sth.
a beneficiary of sth.
70
a disease that spreads quickly
an epidemic
(注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，
却不是形容词)
71
a very unpleasant way of life
misery
72
a task that requires lots of effort
an arduous task
73
emotion
≈ sentiment
74
enemy
≈ opponent/ foe
75
narrow minds
insular minds
(狭隘的头脑或者观念)
76
a way to do sth.
an approach to doing sth./
an avenue towards sth.
77
hobby
≈ pastime/ diversion
78
progress
progression
(经常指抽象的进步，
比如写关于society/
career/ technology的话题)
79
failure
setback(注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格)
80
importance
significance
(当你用了一次importance之后，
第二次不妨用这个)
81
duty
obligation
(用于比较重要的责任)
82
difficulty
hindrance/
impediment/
hurdles
83
pressure from your classmates
peer pressure
84
citizens who can work
labor force/
workforce
(都是总体概念，而且注意后
面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格)
85
problems or diseases that exist for a long time
persistent problems/
chronic diseases
86
a life without regular exercise
a sedentary lifestyle
87
result
consequence
(表示消极的结果更多一些)
88
thoughts
≈ considerations
89
the lack of knowledge
ignorance
(注意在地道英文里，
这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，
而是表示“无知”)
90
harm (n.)
adverse effect
91
harm (vt.)
damage destroy/ ruin
(这两个词比damage程度更重)
spoil(后面跟the cityscape/
scenery/ environment)
undermine
(后面跟抽象概念，
比如stability/ social order/ harmony)
jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念，
比如one's future/ one's career)
tarnish
(后面跟one's reputation/ image)
sap/ dampen
(后面跟one's enthusiasm/
interest/ confidence)
92
[派生] harmful
detrimental (adj.)
93
[派生] be harmful to
≈ pose a threat to
94
bad luck
misfortune
95
trouble
adversity/
dilemma/
predicament/ hardship
96
crime
offense/ criminal act
97
youth crime
≈ juvenile delinquency
98
criminal
offender/ ≈
culprit/ ≈
perpetrator
......
以上就是托福考试过程中我们经常会遇到的一部分词汇。
