13816 雅思写作范文：都市烦恼
谢振礼 ielts360toefl@hotmail.com
2013年5月11日大作文真题回忆
类似真题：
Today, the quality of life of people living in big cities is becoming worse. What are the causes? What measures should be taken to solve the problems? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
实验范文：
Big cities often have big problems that are likely to affect the quality of life among urban residents. Today, special concerns are expressed about pollution and poverty, among other serious problems. It is because air and water pollution may cause diseases and poverty may breed crimes.
In many less-developed cities, there are worries about public health. To begin with, the air is polluted because of carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels to power transportation. As well as that, fresh water supplies are depleted or contaminated, giving rise to some communicable diseases. As a result, these facts combine to threaten human lives to various degrees. Thus, increasing the urban population density means hazards to health, gradually decreasing the quality of life in general. It appears that solutions are available, but they often turn out to be ineffective due to lack of control on the 'greehouse' effects and on sanitary standards.
Poverty is common in the shadows of over-populated cities, and so are crimes. It is understandable that even in the most affluent countries, poor people from rural areas tend to crowd into cities, hoping to make money and improve their circumstances. Unfortunately, these immigrants seldom succeed, for obvious reasons. Some of them are exploited by rich people as cheap labor while others are simply ignored. In the latter case, the danger is that the unemployed and the houseless have to depend on charity and government welfare, if any, or otherwise turn to a range of anti-social activities. That is to say, the quality of city life is on the decline when cities become concentrations of crimes.
In conclusion, what with air and water pollution and what with urban poverty problems, people's quality of life could change because of the population demographics change in the negative way. True enough, it is easier to explain the causes than to create solutions that work. For bettering the quality of urban life, always there is more to be done. (Essay created by Jeenn Lee Hsieh)
猫头鹰在线IELTS-TOEFL写作实验室: 雅思-托福写作提分讲座. 原创范文360篇交换讨论分享
要义：中体段落的红色论证
》Body Paragraphs: 中体段的红色(RED)组合。利用知识 (knowledge)+经验 (experience) 举出例证，再加以细节说明。每一段的第一句话是指标句，继而循着指标的方向延生几句话来完成一个逻辑段落。
记住：在中体的每一段中搞红色(RED)论证，领先的那一句话就是指标句。(Try to open each and every body paragraph with a topic sentence。)
》到底什么是R?E?D?
Reason=Point 理由=论点
Example=Evidence 例子=证明
Detail=Explanation 细节=解释
表达意见的essay，结构的组织可以说都是起承转合。起段是Introduction，合段是Conclusion。夹在头尾之间的Body Paragraph是中体承+转。
猫头鹰带路：引言与结论=入口与出口 (The introduction will give the reader a point of entry to, and the conclusion, a point of exit from your essay).
猫头鹰领悟：议论文是讨论抽象的个人意见而不是既定的事实 (An argumentative essay is about opinions, not facts).
》申论主题=浓缩答题(The thesis statement (topic+controlling idea) is your 'condensed' answer to the essay question.)
起段引言：引出中体论证的方向( Those sentences in the introduction together act to provide the 'signposts' that show the direction of the essay and its argument).
合段结论：不要节外生枝，不要加添论证，只要归纳中体，只要后应引言的前呼 (The conclusion and the introduction--each has the other in mind).
》谢振礼补充：在引言(起)里的第一句话，申论主题是文章的入口。在结论(合)里的最后一句话，重申主题是文章的出口。其实主题是贯穿始终而绕一圈，出口和入口原来是同一道门。所以，读者进入你的文章浏览之后还是在同一道门口出来。换句话说，论说文是自圆其说：议论的话题从何处说起，也应该在何处结束。所谓起中有合，合中有起，正是这个道理。接受这个行文心图(猫头鹰隐形模板)，那么作文才不至于迷途跑题。
