Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ________.
A) no one can be both creative and critical
B) they cannot be regarded as equally important
C) they are in constant conflict with each other
D) one cannot use them at the same time(D)
58. What prevents people from writing on is ________.
A) putting their ideas in raw form
B) attempting to edit as they write
C) ignoring grammatical soundness
D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts(B)
59. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?
A) To organize one’s thoughts logically.
B) To choose an appropriate topic.
C) To get one’s ideas down.
D) To collect raw materials.(C)
60. One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________.
A) it overstresses the role of the creative mind
B) it takes too much time to edit afterwards
C) it may bring about too much criticism
D) it does not help them to think clearly(B)
61. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?
A) It refines his writing into better shape.
B) It helps him to come up with new ideas.
C) It saves the writing time available to him.
D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.(A)
这是一篇语言较为平易的说明文，作者以简练、亲切、对话式的语言向读者阐述了自己的写作方法。全文共五段，开篇以I’ve been writing for most of my life一句点明作者是位经验丰富的作家，开门见山，在读者心目中树立了权威，为后文介绍的写作方法被读者接受铺平了道路。作者随后马不停蹄提出了第一点写作方法，The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind，即批判思维与创造思维不能同时共存。按照常理来讲，这句话是应该与前文断开、自成一段的，原因是它与前文实际上是总分关系。不过由于文章的平易性和闲散性，作者也就对此未做过高要求。
第二段具体说明解决批判思维与创造思维的关系问题的方法：使用创造思维在前，使用批判思维在后：You must learn to create first and then criticize。
第三段介绍了运用创造思维的具体方法：free writing，自由写作;第四、五段具体讲解批判思维的使用方法。
