| Q1: | examples of wildlife other than bats which do not rely on vision to navigate by |
| Answer: | B |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph B (line 2): Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today. Obviously the night-flying insects that they prey on must find their way about somehow. Deep-sea fish and whales have… |
| Q2: | how early mammals avoided dying out |
| Answer: | A |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph A (line 8): …our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. |
| Q3: | why bats hunt in the dark |
| Answer: | A |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph A (line 4): Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. |
| Q4: | how a particular discovery has helped our understanding of bats |
| Answer: | E |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph E (line 6): … and much of our scientific understanding of the details of what bats are doing has come from applying radar theory to them. |
| Q5: | early military use of echolocation |
| Answer: | D |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph D (line 11): After this technique had been invented, it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines. |
Questions 6-9
Summary
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
| Q6: | In fact, the sensation is more similar to the way in which pain from a 6........................ arm or leg might be felt. |
| Answer: | phantom |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph D (line 6): … although the sensation may be referred to the front of the face, like the referred pain in a phantom limb. |
| Q7: | arm or leg might be felt. The ability actually comes from perceiving 7........................through the ears. |
| Answer: | echoes/obstacles |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph D (line 7): The sensation of facial vision, it turns out, really goes in through the ears. Blind people, without even being aware of the fact, are actually using echoes of their own footsteps and of other sounds, to sense the presence of obstacles. |
| Q8: | However, even before this was understood, the principle had been applied in the design of instruments which calculated the 8........................of the seabed. |
| Answer: | depth |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph D (line 9): Before this was discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship. |
| Q9: | This was followed by a wartime application in devices for finding 9......................... |
| Answer: | submarines |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph D (line 11): After this technique had been invented, it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines. |
Question 10-13
题型： Sentence completion
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
| Q10: | Long before the invention of radar,........................had resulted in a sophisticated radar-like system in bats. |
| Answer: | natural selection |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph E (line 1): …but all the world now knows that bats, or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system tens of millions of years earlier… |
| Q11: | Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because........................are not used in their navigation system. |
| Answer: | radio waves |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph E (line 4): It is technically incorrect to talk about bat 'radar', since they do not use radio waves. It is sonar. |
| Q12: | Radar and sonar are based on similar ........................ |
| Answer: | mathematical theories |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph E (line 5): But the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar, and… |
| Q13: | The word 'echolocation' was first used by someone working as a ........................ |
| Answer: | zoologist |
| Information in the text: | Paragraph E (line 7): American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term 'echolocation' to… |
