26、第二篇 Public Health in Rome and Arab The Romans built great \!aqueducts" to carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities. Many of these aqueducts are still standing today. The Romans also built great pipes under the ground to carry away the sewage. In Romes these sewa ge pipes (sewers) are still used today; it is 2,000 years old. The Roman Emperor s even set up a government Wealth service. They built the first great public hos pitals in Europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people. Then the Roman Empire fell to pieces, these civilised methods of treatment d isappeared from most of Europe, for more than a thousand years. People went back to the old ways. They lived in dirty conditions which helped to cause diseases; and they asked God to cure the diseases. They shut up mentally sick people in p risons. or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have magic power. But the work of the Greek and Roman doctors was lost. Over a thousand years ago, the Arabs moved into many of the Mediterranean countries. They took big par ts of the old Roman lands. They translated the Greek and Roman medical books int o Arabic. Arab doctors themselves made many new discoveries. When civilization at last came back to Europe, men once again translated the Greek and Roman works on medicine into Latin. Slowly very sloppily European doc tors discovered again the things that the Greeks and Romans had known so long ag o. Slowly, they began to make new discoveries. They found out more about the way the body works the way our blood goes round our bodies, the way our nerves send messages from our brains to our muscles, the way these muscles move our bodies.The word \!aqueduct" probably means____
A.something which was built long ago.
B.something invented by a Roman Emperor.
C.a big pipe under the ground.
D.something built to supply clean water for the citizens.
27、(同26题)Which of the following is true? _____
A.The sewage pipes built by the Romans are no longer in use now.
B.Sewage pipes in Arabia were built by the Roman.
C.A sewage pipe still being used today in Rome was built 2,000 year ago.
D.The ancient Romans got their drinking water from underground pipes.
28、(同26题)Which of the following is Not true? ____
A.A government health service was set up in ancient Rome.
B.The first public hospital in Europe was built in Rome.
C.In ancient Rome doctors were paid by the government.
D. Those who were mentally sick were all burnt alive in the Roman Empire.
29、(同26题)From this article we’ ve learned that the Arabs ____
A.made more discoveries than the Romans.
B.helped to preserve the Roman medical works.
C.discovered more about the way the human body works.
D.Occupied big parts of the old Roman lands 2,000 years ago.
30、(同26题)This article is mainly about____
A.the contributions made by the Romans and Arabs to the promotion of public health.
B.how the Arabs invaded the Roman Empire.
C.The rise and fall of the Roman Empire.
D.How Arabian doctors helped to translate the medical books.
31、第三篇 Population Densities The average population density of the world is 47 persons per square mile. Continental densities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica to 211 per square mile in Europe. In the western hemisphere, population densities range from about 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mile in Puerto Rico. I n Europe the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile I n the Netherlands. Within countries there are wide variations of population dens ities. For example, in Egypt, the average is 55 persons per square mile, but 1,3 00 person inhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arable. High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industri alization, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain, or where lands a re intensively used for agriculture, as in Puerto Rico and Java. Low average population densities are characteristic of most underdeveloped countries. Low density of population is generally associated with a relatively low percentage of cultivated land. This generally results from poor quality land s. It may also be due to natural obstacles to cultivation, such as deserts, moun tains, or malaria (疟疾)-infested jungles; to land uses othe r than cultivation, as pasture and forested sand; to primitive methods that limit cultivation; to so cial obstacles; and to land ownership systems which keep land out of production. More ***nomically advanced countries of low population density have, as a rule, large proportions of their populations living in urban areas. Their rural population densities are usually very low. Poorly developed countries of corresp ondingly low generally population density, on the other hand, often have a conce ntration of rural population living on arable land, which is as great as the rur al concentration found in the most densely populated industrial countries.Along the banks of the Nile, we may expect to find____
A.1300 persons.B. Few inhabitants.
B.few inhabitants.
C.pyramids.
D.many settlements.
32、(同31题)The most densely populated continent is____
A.Asia.
B.Africa.
C.Europe.
D.North America.
33、(同31题)There are no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica because____
A.it is too hot.
B.It is too cold.
C.there is no transportation.
D.it has only recently been discovered.
34、(同31题)In highly industrialized communities, we may expect_____
A.large rural areas.
B.urban development.
C.epidemics.D. Arable land.
D.arable land.
35、(同31题)Puerto Rico is a land of____
A.heavy industrialization.
B.poverty.
C.intense agriculture.
D.large cities.
36、第四篇 Suntans and Skin Cancer Between now (June) and Labor Day, millions of Americans will offer up thei r bodies to the sun’s rays. A tan indicates health and beauty, and most sun wors hippers will sacrifice a lot to achieve it ? Including themselves. With each hou r, the sun’s ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation produces irrever sible (不可逆的) dam age, hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles. And with each year on the beach or rooftop, the sunbather increases his risk of getting skin cancer. Skin cancer is by far the most common form of cancer. An estimated 400,000 new cases will be detected this year in the United States, and almost all of th em can be blamed on overexposure to the sun. Fortunately, most of these cancers are highly curable. But they can be disfiguring and take time to treat. For that reason, sun worshippers should treat deity with a good deal of awe ( 敬畏). Sunburn, of course, is the initial hazard posed by UV radiation. Prolonged exposure to UV, however, interferes with the production of collagen fibers in t he dermis, causing the skin to lose elasticity and creating premature wrinkles. Further deterioration of the dermis deprives the epidermis of nutrition and caus es it to b***me thin and dry. Cancer is UV’s final insult. Shortwave radiant energy, especially from the UV-B band, breaks the strands of DNA. Enzymes work constantly to rearrange the DNA into proper sequence, but with repeated UV exposure, the repair process may eventually break down. Then the mutant DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells. But skin cancer may be avoided with a good dose of common sense. People wi th fair skin and blue eyes who burn easily stand the highest risk. Special dange r spots are the parts of the body most constantly exposed to the sun, such as th e cheeks, nose, lower lip and the ears. People who have already developed precan cerous lesions or had one skin-cancer growth stand a greatly increased chance of developing others. Dermatologists r***mmend avoiding the sun when it is most in tense?between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. Anyone who insists on sunbathing should use a g ood sun screen. These lotions and salves contain chemicals, such as para-aminobe nzoic acid, that block out the burning UV-B radiation while permitting the tanni ng rays to reach the skin.According to the passage, overexposure to the sun may result in____
A.the wrinkles that cannot be seen.
B.The skin cancer.
C.all kinds of sacrifices.
D.healthful beauty.
37、(同36题)The word \!deity" in the s***nd paragraph refers to_____
A.something mysterious.
B.the skin cancer.
C.the sun.
D.overexposure to the sun.
38、(同36题)Which of the following comes first as a possible damage by UV radiation?____
A.Sunburn.
B.The loss of skin elasticity.
C.Dryness of epidermis.
D.The deterioration of dermis.
39、(同36题)Why does the repair process of the DNA may finally fail?____
A.Because shortwave radiant energy breaks the strands of the DNA.
B.Because the DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells.
C.Because enzymes work to rearrange the DNA into a new order.
D.Because the patient is exposed to UV from time to time.
40、(同36题)The last paragraph of the passage mainly discusses____
A.the treatment of the skin cancer.
B.the prevention of the skin cancer.
C.the parts of the body where cancer is most likely to develop.
D.the lotions that work best in fighting against the skin cancer.
