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三、概括大意完成句子(8分)
architecture
1 Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.
2 The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architechitecture, the principles and styles of ancient until the 20th century.
3 Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use.
4 The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of buildings. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers.
5 By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with, increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete, Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects.
练习：
1. Paragraph 2
2. Paragraph 3
3. Paragraph 4
4. Paragraph 5
A Building Materials
B Need of Greater Building Varieties in Modern Life
C Restoration of Ancient Civilizations
D Evolution in Style
E Factors Affecting Modern Architecture
F A Social Arthttp://ks.examda.com
标准答案： C,A,B,E
19、
5. Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful
6. Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles, which were restored during renaissance, were still influential
7. As modern life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings
8. The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played an important role
A to meet their needs
B but also beautiful to look at
C in the development of modern architecture
D to design more buildings
E even in the 20th century
F to outlast their original use
标准答案： B,E,A,C
20、
四、阅读理解(45分)
the Cherokee nation
Long before the white man came to America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.
After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible -- there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using his own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.
In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?
The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000had died. It was indeed a march of death.
