第一篇
types of blood you have been badly injured in a car accident. it is necessary to give you a blood transfusion BECause you lost a great deal of blood in the accident. howev er, special care must be taken in selecting new blood for you. if the blood is t oo different from your own, the transfusion could kill you. there are four basic types of blood: a, b, ab, and o. a simple test can ind icate a person’s blood type. everybody is born with one of these four types of b lood. blood type, like hair color and height, is inherited from parents. because of substances contained in each type, the four groups must be transf used carefully. basically, a and b cannot be mixed. a and b cannot receive ab, b ut ab may receive a or b. o can give to any other group; hence, it is often call ed the universal donor. for the opposite reason, ab is sometimes called the univ ersal recipient. however, because so many reactions can occur in transfusions, p atients usually receive only salt or plasma ( liquid ) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of a hospital. in this way , it is possible to avoid any bad reactions to the transfusion. there is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality. among europeans and people of european ancestry, about 42 percent have type a while 45 percent have type o. the rarest is type ab. other races have different percenta ges. for example, some american indian groups have nearly 100 percent type o.
21、if a patient can receive type a blood,____
a.he must have type a blood.
b.he can also receive type ab blood.
c.he can’t have type b blood.
d.he can’t have type ab blood.
22、(同21题)the word transfusion" is closest in meaning to____
a.transfer.
b.check.
c.treatment.
d.mixture.
23、(同21题)if you need a transfusion, the best and safest blood for you is____
a.type ab.
b.type o .
c.exactly the same type as yours.
d.a mixture of salt and plasma.
24、(同21题)according to the passage, the third most common blood type for europeans is____
a.a..
b.b.
c.ab.
d.o.
25、(同21题)the passage is most probably written for____
a.the general reader.
b.the medical student.
c.the blood expert.
d.people badly injured in a car accident.
第二篇
public health in rome and arab the romans built great \!aqueducts" to carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities. many of these aqueducts are still standing today. the romans also built great pipes under the ground to carry away the sewage. in romes these sewa ge pipes (sewers) are still used today; it is 2,000 years old. the roman emperor s even set up a government wealth service. they built the first great public hos pitals in europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people. then the roman empire fell to pieces, these civilised methods of treatment d isappeared from most of europe, for more than a thousand years. people went back to the old ways. they lived in dirty conditions which helped to cause diseases; and they asked god to cure the diseases. they shut up mentally sick people in p risons. or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have magic power. but the work of the greek and roman doctors was lost. over a thousand years ago, the arabs moved into many of the mediterranean countries. they took big par ts of the old roman lands. they translated the greek and roman medical books int o arabic. arab doctors themselves made many new discoveries. when civilization at last came back to europe, men once again translated the greek and roman works on medicine into latin. slowly very sloppily european doc tors discovered again the things that the greeks and romans had known so long ag o. slowly, they began to make new discoveries. they found out more about the way the body works the way our blood goes round our bodies, the way our nerves send messages from our brains to our muscles, the way these muscles move our bodies.
26、the word \!aqueduct" probably means____
a.something which was built long ago.
b.something invented by a roman emperor.
c.a big pipe under the ground.
d.something built to supply clean water for the citizens.
27、(同26题)which of the following is true? _____
a.the sewage pipes built by the romans are no longer in use now.
b.sewage pipes in arabia were built by the roman.
c.a sewage pipe still being used today in rome was built 2,000 year ago.
d.the ancient romans got their drinking water from underground pipes.
28、(同26题)which of the following is not true? ____
a.a government health service was set up in ancient rome.
b.the first public hospital in europe was built in rome.
c.in ancient rome doctors were paid by the government.
d.those who were mentally sick were all burnt alive in the roman empire.
29、(同26题)from this article we’ ve learned that the arabs ____
a.made more discoveries than the romans.
b.helped to preserve the roman medical works.
c.discovered more about the way the human body works.
d.occupied big parts of the old roman lands 2,000 years ago.
30、(同26题)this article is mainly about____
a.the contributions made by the romans and arabs to the promotion of public health.
b.how the arabs invaded the roman empire.
c.the rise and fall of the roman empire.
d.how arabian doctors helped to translate the medical books.
