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胡壮麟《语言学教程》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解 [平装] | |||
胡壮麟《语言学教程》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解 [平装] |
《胡壮麟<语言学教程>(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解》:
适用教程:
《语言学教程》(第3版)(胡壮麟主编,北京大学出版社)
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第1章 语言学导论
1.1 复习笔记
1.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第2章 语音
2.1 复习笔记
2.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第3章 词汇
3.1 复习笔记
3.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第4章 句法:从语词到篇章
4.1 复习笔记
4.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第5章 意义
5.1 复习笔记
5.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第6章 语言与认知
6.1 复习笔记
6.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第7章 语言文化社会
7.1 复习笔记
7.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第8章 语言的使用
8.1 复习笔记
8.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第9章 语言与文学
9.1 复习笔记
9.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第10章 语言和计算机
10.1 复习笔记
10.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第11章 语言学与语言教学
11.1 复习笔记
11.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第12章 现代语言学理论与流派
12.1 复习笔记
12.2 考研真题与典型题详解
国内外经典教材辅导系列是一套全面解析当前国内外各大院校权威教科书的辅导资料。我国各大院校一般都把国内外通用的权威教科书作为本科生和研究生学习专业课程的参考教材,这些教材甚至被很多考试(特别是硕士和博士入学考试)和培训项目作为指定参考书。这些国内外优秀教材的内容一般有一定的广度和深度,这给许多读者在学习专业教材时带来了一定的困难。为了帮助读者更好地学习专业课,我们有针对性地编著了一套与国内外教材配套的复习资料,整理了各章的笔记,精选了部分名校考研真题和典型习题,并提供了详细的参考答案。
《语言学教程》(第3版)(胡壮麟主编,北京大学出版社)一直被用作高等院校英语专业语言学教材,被绝大多数院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。作为该教材的学习辅导书,本书具有以下几个方面的特点:
1.梳理章节脉络,浓缩内容精华。每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理,并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记,因此,本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。
2.中英双语对照,突显难点要点。本书章节笔记采用了中英文对照的形式,强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。
3.精选考研真题,补充难点习题。本书精选名校近年考研真题及相关习题,并提供答案和详解。所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点,但又不完全局限于教材内容,是对教材内容极好的补充。
需要特别说明的是:我们深深感谢胡壮麟教授和北京大学出版社为我们提供了这样一本优秀的语言学教材。
插图:
The lines said above show that the relationship between the form (sounds) and meaning (con-cept) of a word in spoken language is arbitrary in nature. That means there is no logical connec-tion between forms (sounds) and meaning (concept). Different sounds are used to refer to thesame object in different languages.
Sounds are just symbols; they are associated with objects, actions, ideas, etc. by conven-tion. In this example, the rose can be called by many names in different languages but its smellnever changes. Another example, different languages have different forms for referring to doginEnglish, such as Chinese "(gou)" , French "chien (n. m. )". While language is arbitraryby nature, there are some exceptions as well. The best examples in English are the onomatopoet-ic words and compound words. For example, some onomatopoetic words "rumble", " crash","crackle bang" are uttered like the sounds they describe, thus seem to have a natural basis.Besides, some compound words are also not entirely arbitrary. For example while "photo" and"copy" are both arbitrary, the compound word "photocopy" is not entirely arbitrary, thus seemto be motivated. Anyhow, non-arbitrary words make up only a small percentage of the vocabularyof a language.Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative; a conventionality of language makes a lan-guage be passed from generation to generation, and makes learning a language laborious. Thelink between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention.
The terms motivation and constraint describe the extent to which the signified determines thesignifier. The form of the signifier of a generalized car or a traffic sign is determined by the con-vention that is accepted by the users of the code.
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