基本信息·出版社：清华大学出版社 ·页码：686 页 ·出版日期：2008年05月 ·ISBN：9787302172772 ·条形码：9787302172772 ·版本：第1版(影印版) ·装 ...
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分布式系统原理与范型(第2版) |
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分布式系统原理与范型(第2版) |
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基本信息·出版社：清华大学出版社
·页码：686 页
·出版日期：2008年05月
·ISBN：9787302172772
·条形码：9787302172772
·版本：第1版(影印版)
·装帧：平装
·开本：16
·正文语种：英语
·丛书名：大学计算机教育国外著名教材系列
内容简介 本书是著名作者Tanenbaum关于分布式系统的最新力作，是分布式系统的权威教材。本书分成了两大部分。第2-9章讨论的是分布式系统的的原理、概念和技术，包括通信、进程、命名、同步化、一致性和复制、容错性以及安全性等，而分布式应用的开发方法(即范型)在第10-13章中进行了讨论。但是，与前一版不同的是，本书没有在讨论范型的章节中完整地介绍每个案例研究，而是通过一个有代表性的案例来解释原理。这种介绍方法不仅精简了素材，而且可以使得读者在阅读和学习时更愉快些。全书结构清晰，内容全面经典，系统性与先进性并茂。.
本书适用对象广泛，不仅可以作为学习分布式计算机的本科生和研究生的教材，对于从事分布式计算研究和工程应用的科技人员和工程技术人员来说，本书也是一本优秀的读物。
目录 1 INTRODUCTION 1
I.I DEFINITION OF A DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM 2
1.2 GOALS 3
] ZI Maing Resources Accessible 3
].22 Distribution Transparency 4
12.3 Openness 7
l.2.4 Scalability 9
]2.5 FItfaIIS 16
I.3 TYPES OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 17
1,3.1 Distributed Compuhng Systems 17
l.3.2 Distributed information Systems 20
l.3.3 Distubuted Pervasive Systems 24
I.4 SUMMARY 30
2 ARCHITECTURES 33
ZI ARCHITECTURAL STYLES 34
2.2 SYSTEM ARC~CTURES 36
22.1 Centralized AIchitectures 36
22.2 Decentralized ArcLitectures 43
2.2.3 Hybnd Architectures 52
2.3 ARCHITECTURES VERSUS MIDDLEWARE 54
2.3.1 Interceptors 55
2.3.2 General APPToaches to Adaptive Software 57
2.3.3 Discussion 58
tv COMENTS
2.4 SELf'-MANAGEMENT IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 59
241 The reedbask C()lltr(>1 Mode] 6(j
2.4.2 Example Systems Monitoring with Astr',labe 61
2.43 Example Differentiating Repllcatioll Striltegles in Globule 63
2.44 Example Auionlahc Component Repair Mallagenlellt in Jade 65
25 SUMMARY 66
3 PROCESSES 69
3.1 THREADS 70
3.I.I Introduction to Thieaus 70
31.2 Threads in Distributed Systems 75
3.2 VIRTUAL~ION 79
3.2.1 The Role of Virtualization in Dlstrihutcd Syslems 79
3.22 Architectures of V]rtual Machlucs SO
3.3 CLIENTS 82
3.31 NetwOIked User interfaces 82
3.32 Client-Side Software forDistribuu(in TTansparency 87
34 SERVERS 88
3.4.1 DeneraI Design ISSues 88
3.4.2 Server Clusters 92
3.4.3 Managing Server Clusters 98
35 COIJE MIGRAIION 103
35, 1 Approaches ti) C()dc Migration ]03
3.5.2 Mzgrahon and Local Resollrces 107
3.5.3 Mlgrahon in Heterogelleous Systems ] 10
3.6 SUMMARY 112
4 COMMUNICATION 115
41 FLINDAMENTALS ] 16
4. 1 .1 Layered Pn)tocols 116
4. I .2 Types of' Commllnicahon 124
4.2 REMOTE PROCEDURE CALL 125
42.1 Basic Rad operation ]26
42.2 Parameter Passing 130
CONTENTS 'l
4.2.3 ASynchroIIOus ~ ]34
4,24 EXample f DCE RPC 135
4.3 MESSAGE ORIENTED COMMUNICATION 140
4.3.1 Message Oriented Trallsient Communication 141
4.3.2 Message Oriented PeISistent Communication ]45
4.3.3 Example' IBM's WehSphere Message-Queuing System 152
44 STREAM-ORIENTED COMMUNICATION 157
4.41 SuPPort t'or Continuous Media 158
4.4.2 Smiarns and Quality of Service 160
443 Sforaln Synchr(>n],aiion 163
4.5 MULTICAST COMMUNICATION ]66
45.1 Application-Leve] Mlllticasting ]66
4.5.2 Gossip Based Daal Dissemination ]70
46 SIJMMARY 175
5 NAMING 179
5.1 NAMES. IDENTIFIERS. AND ADDRESSES 180
5.2 fIAT NAMJNG 182
5.2.] SIInpIe SOIut.ions 183
5.2.2 Home Based Approaches 186
5.23 Distritiuted Hash TabICS 188
5.2.4 HieTarchical Approaches 191
5.3 STRUCTURED NAMING ]95
5.3.1 Name Spaces 195
5.3.2 Name Resolution 198
5.3.3 The In'plementation of a Name Space 202
5.3.4 Example f The Domain Name Syrialy 209
5.4 ATTRIBUTe BASSO NAMING 217
5.4.1 Directory Services 217
5.42 HieraIChicaI 11npIemcntat]0IISf IDAP 218
5.4.3 Dcccntrali7ed Inlplelnentations 222
5.5 SUMmalY
yi CONmeNTS
6 SYNCHRONIZATION 231
6.1 CLOCk SYNCHRONIZATION 232
6.I.I Physical ClOCks 233
6,l,2 Global Positioning System 236
61,3 Clock Synchronization Algorithms 238
62 LOGICAL CLOCKS 244
62 1 Lamport's Logical Clocks 244
622 Vector Clocks 248
6.3 MUTUAL EXCLUSION 252
6.3.1 Overmew 252
6.3.2 A Cenlralized Alg(lrithm 253
6.3.3 A Decentralized Algoflthm 254
6.3.4 A Distributed Algonthm 255
6.3.5 A Token bang Algontdri 258
6.3.6 A Comparison of the Four Algonthms 259
6.4 GLOBAL POSITIONING OF NODES 260
65 ELECTION ALGORIThmS 263
65.1 Tladitional Election Algonthins 264
6.5.2 Elections in Wireless Envil+onments 267
6.53 Elections in Large-Scale Systems 269
6.6 SUMMARY 270
7 CONSISTENCY AND REPLICATION 273
7.1 INTRODUCTION 274
71,I treasons for Replication 274
71,2 ffepIication as SCaling technique 275
72 DATA~CENTRJC CONSISTENCY MODELS 276
7.2.1 Contmuou s C ollsistenc y 27 7
7.2.2 Consistent Ordering ofoperahons 281
7.3 CLIENT-CENTRIC CONSISTENCY MODELS 288
7.3.1 EVentual COnsistency 289
7.3.2 Monotomc Reads 291
7.3.3 MOnotonic Writes 292
7.3.4 Read Yoke Wntes 294
7,3,5 Writes Follow Reads 295
COmENTS Vii
7.4 REPLICA MANAGemENT 296
7.4.1 Replica-Server Placcnlent 2t)6
7.4.2 O)ntent ReP]]cation and l'lacemcnt 298
74.3 Content DistTibution 302
75 CONSISTENCY PROTOCOLS 306
7.5.1 Continuous Consistency 306
7.5.2 Primary Based Proll)cols 308
7.5.3 Replicated Write Protocols 311
75.4 Cache Coherence Plotocols 313
7.>.5 ]nlplelnellting Client Centric Consisiellcy 315
7.6 SUMMARY 317
8 FAULT TOLERANCE 321
8.1 INTRODUCTJON TO FAULT TOIaXANCF 322
8.1,I Basic COIICepIS 322
8.1 2 foiIure MOdelS 324
8.]3 Failure M3skIng by RCdundancy 326
8.2 PROCESS RESILIENCE 328
8.2.1 Desig17 ISSues 328
8.2.2 Failure Masking aIId Replication 330
8.2.3 Agreelncnt in Faulty Systems 331
8.2.4 Failure Detecu(}n 335
8.3 RELIABLE CLJENT~SERVER COMMUNICAI'ION 336
8.31 Point to-Point Communication 337
8.3.2 RPC Selllantlcs in the Presence of Failllres 337
8.4 RruIA-BLE GROUP COMMUMCATION 343
8.4.] Basic ReIiatrIe MuIticasiing SCnenICS 343
8.42 SCaIaIIIIIty in Reliable MuIhcasting 343
843 AtomIC MIIItICast 348
8.5 DISTRIBUTED COMMIT 355
8.5.1 Two-Phase Comlmt 355
8.52 ThTec Phase CI)mntit 360
8.6 kECOVERY 363
8,6.1 Intra)ductio~ 363
8.6.2 Checkpointing 366
Vin CONTFNTS
8.6.3 massage LOgging 369
8.6.4 Recovery-Onented Compuhng 372
8.7 SUMMARY 373
9 SECURITY 377
9.] INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY 378
9 1,1 Security Threats. Policies. and Mechanisms 378
9.l.2 Design Issues 384
9.].3 Cryptogranh}= 389
92 SECURE CHANNELS 396
9.2.] Authentication 397
9.2.2 Message integnty and Confidentiality 405
92.3 Secure Group Cornmunlcatlon 408
92.4 Example f Kerbcros 4if
9.3 ACCESS CONTROL 413
9.3.1 General Issues in Access Control 414
9.3.2 Firewalls 418
9.3.3 Secure Mobile Code 420
9.3.4 Denial of Service 427
9.4 SECURITY MANAGEMENT 428
94.1 Key Management 428
9.4.2 Secure GToup Management 433
9.4.3 Allthorization Management 434
9.5 SUMMARY 439
10 DISTRIBUTED OBJECT-BASED SYSTEMS 443
10.1 ARCHITECTUre 443
10.I.I DistrIbuted Otijccts 4M
10.1.2 Example f Entmprise Java Beaus 446
10.] .3 EXample' GIOtre Distributed Shared Otijects 448
10.2 PROCESSES 451
10.2.1 Object Servers 451
10.2,2 EXample The ICe downtime System 454
CONmeNTS iX
10.3 COMMUNICATION 456
10.3.1 Binding a Client to an Object 456
10.3.2 Static vcrsus Dynamic Remote Method invocations 458
]0.33 Parameter Passing 460
10.3.4 EXaInpIe Java RMJ 46]
1035 OhIect-Based Messaging 464
10.4 NAMING 466
10.4.1 CORBA Otiject Re,erences 467
10.4.2 GlObe Otrject References 469
10.5 SYNCHRONIZATION 470
106 CONSISTENCY AND REPLICATION 472
IO.6.1 entry COnsistency 472
10.6.2 Replicated invocations 475
10.7 FAULT TOLERANCE 477
ID.7, I Example' Fault Tolerant CORBA 477
10.7.2 Example Fault-Tolerant Java 480
10,8 SECURITY 48]
10.8.1 Example: G]obe 482
10.8.2 Security fi)r Remote Objects 486
10.9 SUMMARY 487
11 DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEMS 491
I I .] ARCHITECTURE 491
l 111 Client-Server Architectures 491
l 112 ClusteT-Based Distributed File Systems 496
l 113 Sylmnetnc Architectures 499
1 ]2 PROCESSES 501
1 ].3 COMMUNICATION 502
I ]31 Rads in NFS 502
1 ]32 The RPCZ SubsysteIV 503
1 ] 33 FIle-OTiented C(Immunication in alan 9 505
1 14 NabING 506
1 14,I Naming in NFS 506
l l.4.2 Constructing a Global aams Space 512
11.5 SYNCHRONIZATION 513
] 1 .5.] Semalltics l)f F]]e Sharing 513
I I .5.2 FiIC LOCkIng 5 1 6
11.5.3 Sharing Files in COda 518
11.6 CONSISTENCY AND REPLICATION 519
11 .6.] C]ient Side Caching 520
l l.6.2 Server-Side Replication 524
l l.6.3 Replicahon in Peer to Pcer File Systems 526
l l.6.4 File Replication in Gbed Systems 528
11.7 FAULT TOLERANCE 529
l 1 .7.] IJandling Byzantine Failures 529
l ] .7.2 High Availability in Peer-to-Peer Systems 53]
I ].8 SECURITY 532
1 1 sl Secunty in NFS 533
l ] .82 Decentralized Authentication 536
l ] .83 Secure Peer-to-Peer File-Shanng Systems 539
1 ]9 SUMMARY 541
12 DISTRIBUTED WEB-BASED SYSTEMS 545
12.1 ARCHITECTURE 546
12if Traditional Web Based Systems 546
1212 Web SeTVices 551
12.2 PROCESSES 554
12.2.1 ClIents 554
12.2.2 The Apachc Web Server o56
12.2.3 WCb SeTVer Clusters 558
12.3 COMMUNICATION 560
12.3.1 Hypcrtcxt Trilnsfel Protocol 560
123.2 Simple Object ACCess riotocoI 566
12.4 NAMING 567
12.5 SYNCHRONIZATION 569
126 CONSISTENCY AND REPLICAnON 570
1 26.1 Web Proxy Caching 571
1 2.6.2 Replication for Web Hosting Systems 573
12.6.3 Replication of Web Anviicaiions 579
CONmeNTs Xi
12.7 FAULT TOLERANCE 582
12.8 SECURITY 584
12.9 SUMMARY 585
13 DISTRIBUTED COORDINATION-BASED 589
SYSTEMS
13.] INTRODUCTION TO COORDINATION MODELS 589
13.2 ARCHitECTURES 59]
13.2.] Overilll Approach 592
132.2 Tradlll(mal Architestores 593
132.3 PeeT to Peer Architectures 596
132,4 MObiIit}= and C(]I)ruination 599
13.3 PROCESSES 601
134 COMMUNICATION 60]
13.4.] COntent-Based ROasting 601
13.4.2 Sllpporting Composite Subscriptions 603
13.5 NAMJNG 604
13.5.] Describing Composite Evellts 604
13.5.2 Matching Events and Subscriptiolls 606
13.6 SYNC[JRONIZATION 607
13.7 CONSISTENCY AND REPLICATION 607
]3.7.1 Static Apnroachcs 608
13.7.2 Dynunc Replicanon 611
13.8 rAt1T TOLERANCE 6] 3
13.8.1 Reliable pobIish Subscribe COmmunicaiioIa 613
13.8.2 Fault Tolerance in Shared Dataspaces 616
13.9 SECURITY 617
13.9.1 COnfidentia]IIy 618
13.9.2 Secure Shared Dataspaces 620
13.10 SUMMARY 62]
Xu CONTENTS
14 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 623
AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
]4. 1 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 623
14.if introduction and Genelal Works 623
14 1 2 Architectures 624
14.I.3 PIOCesses 625
14.l.4 Commumcatloll 626
14.l.5 Naming 626
14.I.6 Synchronization 627
14.I.7 COnsistency and ffepIication 628
14.1 .8 Fault Tolerance 629
14.l.9 Secllnty 630
14.I.IO DIStributed OnjectBased SysteIIIS 631
141.1 1 Distxlbllted File Systems 632
14 1 12 ]distributed Web-Based Systen3s 632
14 l.13 Distributed Coordination Based Systems 633
14.2 ALPHABETICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 634
INDEX 669
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